سیاست گذاری پیشرفت شهری

سیاست گذاری پیشرفت شهری

ارزیابی و امکان‌سنجی تبدیل پسماند به انرژی در کلان‌شهرهای کشور درحال‌توسعه (مطالعۀ موردی: ایران)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 مدیرکل دفتر توسعۀ نیروگاه‌های زیست‌توده، سازمان انرژی‌های تجدیدپذیر و بهره‌وری انرژی برق (ساتبا)، وزارت نیرو
2 کارشناس مطالعات فنی و ارزیابی اقتصادی، سازمان انرژی‌های تجدیدپذیر و بهره‌وری انرژی برق (ساتبا)، وزارت نیرو
3 دانشجوی دکتری مهندسی سیستم‌های انرژی دانشکدۀ مهندسی انرژی و منابع پایدار، دانشکدگان علوم و فناوری‌های میان‌رشته‌ای دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
چکیده
توسعۀ شهرنشینی و رشد سریع جمعیت شهرها به تولید میزان قابل توجهی پسماند شهری منجر شده و معضلات زیست‌محیطی متعددی را به وجود آورده است که دیگر نمی‌توان همانند گذشته آن‌ها را در دفنگاه‌ها دفن کرد. در این میان، با استفاده از فناوری‌های مدرن از جمله تبدیل پسماند به انرژی، علاوه بر رفع مشکلات زیست‌محیطی می‌توان به تولید انرژی پرداخت و در مصرف سوخت‌های فسیلی صرفه‌جویی کرد. منابع زیست‌توده شامل پسماند جامد شهری، زائدات کشاورزی، فضولات دامی و فاضلاب‌های شهری و صنعتی، که به عنوان یکی از منابع تجدیدپذیر انرژی محسوب می‌شوند، از پتانسیل بالایی برای تولید انرژی الکتریکی برخوردار هستند؛ به طوری که هر تن پسماند جامد شهری در روز، با ارزش حرارتی 6 هزار کیلوژول برکیلوگرم و با به‌کارگیری فناوری زباله‌سوزی، پتانسیل تولید حدود 466 کیلووات ساعت برق در روز را دارد. به همین‌ترتیب، انتظار می‌رود با استفاده از بیوگاز حاصل از یک تن پسماند آلی که توسط فرایند هضم بی‌هوازی تولید شده است، حدود 280 کیلووات ساعت برق در روز تولید شود. تولید این میزان برق علاوه بر صرفه‌جویی در مصرف سوخت‌های فسیلی، موجب کاهش انتشار گازهای گلخانه‌ای نظیر متان و CO2 نیز می‌شود. بنابراین، استفاده از این پتانسیل برای تولید انرژی و همچنین اهمیت رفع مشکلات زیست‌محیطی ناشی از دفن پسماندها، ضروری به نظر می‌رسد.
کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله English

Assessment and Feasibility of Waste-to-Energy Conversion in Developing Country Metropolises (Case Study: Iran)

نویسندگان English

Helia Sadat Hosseini Shekarabi 1
Shahla Razaghi 2
Mahmood Abdoos 3
1 Head of the Biomass Power Plant Development Office, Renewable Energy and Electricity Efficiency Organization (SATBA), Ministry of Energy, Tehran, Iran
2 Renewable Energy and Electricity Efficiency Organization (SATBA), Ministry of Energy, Tehran, Iran
3 School of Energy Engineering and Sustainable Resources, College of Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
چکیده English

rbanization and rapid population growth in cities have led to the production of significant amounts of municipal waste and have created numerous environmental problems. Meanwhile, by using modern technologies, including waste to energy, in addition to solving environmental problems, it is possible to produce energy and save on fossil fuel consumption. Biomass resources, including municipal solid waste, agricultural waste, livestock waste, and municipal and industrial wastewater, which are considered as renewable energy sources, have high potential for electricity generation; So as each ton of municipal solid waste per day, with a calorific value of 6,000 kj/kg while using incineration technology, has the potential to produce 466 kWh electricity per day. Likewise, it is expected to generate 280 kWh electricity from anaerobic digestion of one ton of organic waste per day. Producing this amount of electricity, in addition to saving on fossil fuels, also reduces greenhouse emissions such as methane and CO2. Therefore, it seems necessary to use this potential to produce energy and solve environmental problems caused by landfilling.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Renewable energy
waste-to-energy
electricity generation
biomass resources
municipal solid waste
incinerator
anaerobic digester
  1. Razeghi, M., et al., Evaluating the economic impact of solar energy on local industries in Semnan, Iran. 2025. 3(1): p. 49-58.
  2. Feizi, R., et al., Technical and environmental assessment of biofuel utilization in light and heavy vehicles: implications for carbon footprint reduction on high-traffic freeway. 2025. 3(2): p. 1-7.
  3. Yousefi, H., et al., GIS-based spatially integrated bioenergy resources assessment in Kurdistan Province-Northwest Iran. 2017. 23: p. 11-20.
  4. Shukla-Pandya, H., Bioenergy as a global public tool and technology transfer, in Microbial Biotechnology for Bioenergy. 2024, Elsevier. p. 263-275.
  5. Rasaei, F., et al., Optimal selection of CSP site for desalination system using GIS and AHP method in Hormozgan province, Iran. 2025. 13: p. 2255-2268.
  6. Gholami, A., et al., The effect of hydrodynamic and ultrasonic cavitation on biodiesel production: An exergy analysis approach. 2018. 160: p. 478-489.
  7. Ahmadi, S., et al., Reducing the share of electricity generation from fossil fuels by replacing renewable energies in rainy areas. 2023.
  8. Yousefi, H., et al., Identifying and Ranking the Effective Components in City Branding Emphasizing on the Economic (Case study: Tajrish Neighborhood of Tehran). 2025. 2(1): p. 1-15.
  9. Tabrizi, A., et al., Evaluating renewable energy adoption in G7 countries: a TOPSIS-based multi-criteria decision analysis. 2025. 5(1): p. 2.
  10. Abdous, M., et al., Design and analysis of zero-energy and carbon buildings with renewable energy supply and recycled materials. 2024. 324: p. 114922.
  11. Aboutorabi, R.S.S., et al., A comparative analysis of the carbon footprint in green building materials: a case study of Norway. 2024. 31(49): p. 59320-59341.
  12. Abdoos, M., et al., Forecasting solar energy generation in the Mediterranean region up to 2030–2050 using convolutional neural networks (CNN). 2025. 10: p. 100167.
  13. George, A.S., T. Baskar, and P.B.J.P.U.I.I.J. Srikaanth, Cyber threats to critical infrastructure: assessing vulnerabilities across key sectors. 2024. 2(1): p. 51-75.
  14. Oztemel, E. and S.J.J.o.i.m. Gursev, Literature review of Industry 4.0 and related technologies. 2020. 31(1): p. 127-182.
  15. Hajinezhad, A., et al., Biodiesel production from Norouzak (Salvia lerifolia) seeds as an indigenous source of bio fuel in Iran using ultrasound. 2015. 99: p. 132-140.
  16. Bahrani, S., et al., Modeling landfill site selection by multi-criteria decision making and fuzzy functions in GIS, case study: Shabestar, Iran. 2016. 75: p. 1-14.
  17. Zahedi, R., et al., Technical, economic and environmental assessment of carbon capture from thermal power plants and convert it into value added concrete material. 2024: p. 1-12.
  18. Aliabadi, Y., et al., Analysis of energy generation from MSW with auxiliary feed in the north of Iran. 2023. 18: p. 101185.
  19. Salaripoor, H., H. Yousefi, and M.J.F.C. Abdoos, Life Cycle Environmental Assessment of Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF) as an Alternative to Fossil Fuels in Cement Production: A Sustainable Approach for Mitigating Carbon Emissions. 2025: p. 100135.
  20. Fardnia, K., et al., A bibliometric analysis of carbon and water footprints in renewable energy: The post-COVID-19 landscape. 2024: p. 100162.
  21. Yousefi, H.J.W.m., Canola straw as a bio-waste resource for medium density fiberboard (MDF) manufacture. 2009. 29(10): p. 2644-2648.
  22. Noorollahi, Y., et al., Biogas production potential from livestock manure in Iran. 2015. 50: p. 748-754.
  23. Tayefeh, A., et al., Advanced bibliometric analysis on water, energy, food, and environmental nexus (WEFEN). 2023. 30(47): p. 103556-103575.
  24. Abdoos, M., et al., Evaluating zero-energy strategies in mixed-use buildings: a case study. 2025: p. 8-18.
  25. Ghahremani, A., et al., Experimental investigation of spray characteristics of a modified bio-diesel in a direct injection combustion chamber. 2017. 81: p. 445-453.
  26. Panbechi, B., et al., Environmental, economic and energy evaluation of alternative fuels for a steam power plant: focus on biodiesel-nanoparticles utilization. 2024. 23: p. 102636.
  27. Zeng, Y., et al., Characterization of solid waste disposed at Columbia Sanitary Landfill in Missouri. 2005. 23(1): p. 62-71.
  28. Althouse, P., et al., 2004 Environmental Report. 2005, Lawrence Livermore National Lab.(LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States).
  29. Noorollahi, Y., H. Yousefi, and M. Pourarshad. Three dimensional modeling of heat extraction from abandoned oil well for application in sugarcane industry in Ahvaz—Souther Iran. in Proceedings World Geothermal Congress. 2015.
  30. Kumar, D.J.P., et al., A comprehensive study on anaerobic digestion of organic solid waste: A review on configurations, operating parameters, techno-economic analysis and current trends. 2024.
  31. Nayono, S.E., Anaerobic digestion of organic solid waste for energy production. Vol. 46. 2010: KIT scientific Publishing.
  32. Ghaedi, M., et al., Evaluation of the efficiency of dry anaerobic digester in the production of biogas and fertilizer using activated sludge and plant waste. 2024. 14(1): p. 24727.
  33. Helsen, L. and A. Bosmans. Waste-to-Energy through thermochemical processes: matching waste with process. in Proceedings of the 1st International Academic Symposium on Enhanced Landfill Mining. 2010. Haletra; Houthalen-Helchteren.
  34. Nandhini, R., et al., Thermochemical conversion of municipal solid waste into energy and hydrogen: a review. 2022. 20(3): p. 1645-1669.
  35. Noorollahi, Y., et al., Biofuel for energy self-sufficiency in agricultural sector of Iran. 2021. 44: p. 101069.
  36. Abdulfatah, A.K., Exploring municipal solid waste management in Nigeria: Challenges, opportunities, and roadmap for sustainable development. 2023.
دوره 2، شماره 1
بهار 1404
صفحه 49-71

  • تاریخ دریافت 12 آذر 1403
  • تاریخ بازنگری 25 دی 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش 29 بهمن 1403
  • تاریخ انتشار 15 فروردین 1404