سیاست گذاری پیشرفت شهری

سیاست گذاری پیشرفت شهری

ارزیابی سیاست‌ها و شیوه‌های دفع پسماند شهری و تأثیرات آن بر اکوسیستم شهری و سلامت عمومی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
شایسته ابراهیمی ذاکر 1
حمیدرضا اسمعیلی‌نژاد 2
نگین میرزایی 1
1 دانشکدۀ انرژی و منابع پایدار، دانشکدگان علوم و فناوری‌های میان‌رشته‌ای، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
2 گروه مهندسی مکانیک و انرژی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
10.22034/judpm.2025.520111.1038
چکیده
مدیریت پسماند شهری، به‌ویژه در کلان‌شهرهایی مانند تهران، یکی از چالش‌های اساسی در حوزۀ پایداری زیست‌محیطی محسوب می‌شود. هدف این پژوهش، ارزیابی سیستماتیک اثرات زیست‌محیطی سناریوهای مختلف مدیریت پسماند با رویکرد ارزیابی چرخۀ حیات (LCA) و بهره‌گیری از نرم‌افزار تخصصی SimaPro است. در این راستا، چهار گزینه شامل دفن بهداشتی، بازیافت، کمپوست و سوزاندن پسماند، بر اساس شاخص‌های میانی نظیر گرمایش جهانی، اسیدی شدن، سمیت انسانی، تشکیل ذرات معلق، و کاهش منابع، و همچنین شاخص‌های نهایی شامل آسیب به سلامت انسان، اکوسیستم‌ها و منابع اقتصادی، مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. بر اساس نتایج حاصل، سناریوی دفن پسماند و مراحل مرتبط با حمل‌ونقل، بیشترین بار زیست‌محیطی را در تمامی شاخص‌ها ایجاد کرده‌اند. در مقابل، بازیافت و هضم بی‌هوازی به ‌عنوان گزینه‌های کم‌اثرتر شناسایی شدند که می‌توانند به‌ طور مؤثری در کاهش پیامدهای منفی زیست‌محیطی ایفای نقش کنند. تحلیل یافته‌ها نشان‌دهندۀ ضرورت اصلاح ساختار فعلی مدیریت پسماند در تهران از طریق بهینه‌سازی فرایندهای جمع‌آوری و تفکیک در مبدأ، توسعۀ فناوری‌های نوین پردازش پسماند و ارتقای بهره‌وری انرژی در حمل‌ونقل است. نتایج این مطالعه می‌تواند به‌ عنوان مبنایی علمی برای تصمیم‌گیری‌های راهبردی در جهت بهبود عملکرد زیست‌محیطی سیستم‌های مدیریت پسماند شهری مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
پسماند شهری
دفع زباله
مدیریت پسماند
آلودگی زیست‌محیطی
خطرات بهداشتی

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Assessment of Urban Waste Policies and Disposal Practices and Their Impacts on Urban Ecosystem and Public Health

نویسندگان English

Shayesteh Ebrahimi Zaker 1
Hamidreza Esmaeilinejad 2
Negin Mirzaei 1
1 School of Energy Engineering and Sustainable Resources, College of Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of mechanical and energy engineering, Shahid Beheshti university, A.C. Tehran, Iran
چکیده English

Municipal solid waste management (MSWM) poses significant environmental challenges in large metropolitan areas such as Tehran. This study aims to systematically assess the environmental impacts of various waste treatment scenarios using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology and the SimaPro software. Four commonly implemented strategies-sanitary landfill, recycling, composting, and incineration-were evaluated based on midpoint indicators (global warming, acidification, human toxicity, particulate matter formation, and resource depletion) and endpoint indicators (damage to human health, ecosystems, and economic resources). The results indicate that landfill operations and related transportation activities exert the highest environmental burdens across all assessed impact categories. Conversely, recycling and anaerobic digestion emerged as more environmentally sustainable alternatives with significant potential to mitigate adverse impacts. The findings highlight the critical need to reform the current waste management system in Tehran through source separation, deployment of advanced waste processing technologies, and increased energy efficiency in waste transport. This research provides a robust scientific basis to inform strategic policymaking and enhance the environmental performance of urban waste management systems.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Municipal waste
Waste disposal
Waste management
Environmental pollution
Health risks
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سیاست گذاری پیشرفت شهری
دوره 2، شماره 4
زمستان 1404
صفحه 407-422

  • تاریخ دریافت 15 فروردین 1404
  • تاریخ بازنگری 15 اردیبهشت 1404
  • تاریخ پذیرش 15 خرداد 1404
  • تاریخ انتشار 20 شهریور 1404