سیاست گذاری پیشرفت شهری

سیاست گذاری پیشرفت شهری

نانومواد در ساختمان‌های انرژی‌صفر: مروری جامع بر دستاوردها، سیاست‌گذاری‌ها و آینده‌نگری‌های شهری

نوع مقاله : مقالات مروری

نویسندگان
علی یوسفی روشن 1
مهدی گندم‌زاده 1
یزدان الواری 2
اصلان غلامی 3
مجید زندی 4
1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه مهندسی انرژی‌های تجدیدپذیر، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
2 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه مهندسی مکانیک، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
3 استادیار، گروه مهندسی انرژی‌های تجدیدپذیر، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
4 دانشیار، گروه مهندسی انرژی‌های تجدیدپذیر، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
10.22034/judpm.2025.521744.1041
چکیده
ساختمان‌ها در ۴۰ درصد مصرف انرژی جهان و 30 درصد انتشار گازهای گلخانه‌ای نقش دارند. ساختمان‌های انرژی‌صفر در کاهش مصرف انرژی، مصرف سوخت‌های فسیلی و اثر‌های زیست‌محیطی کاربرد دارند. در این پژوهش تحلیلی، داده‌ها از پایگاه‌ها و منابع معتبر استخراج شده‌ است. 28090 ثبت اختراع طی سال‌های 1995 تا 2024 میلادی در حوزۀ کاربرد نانو در ساختمان‌های انرژی‌صفر انجام شده و آمریکا، اروپا، چین و هند در این حوزه پیشتاز هستند. هدف پژوهش پیش رو، کارایی فناوری نانو بر ساختمان‌های انرژی‌صفر و اثر‌های‌ زیست‎محیطی است. نانومواد در پنجره‌های هوشمند در تنظیم میزان نور، خودتمیزشوندگی، آب‌گریزی و مصرف انرژی کاربرد دارند. پنجره‌های هوشمند به کاهش 9/۳۶ درصدی مصرف انرژی خنک‌کننده و ۵/۵۴ درصدی مصرف انرژی روشنایی ساختمان‌ها منجر می‌شوند. نانومواد و مواد تغییرفازدهنده طی روز در اجزای ساختمان با ذخیره‌سازی و آزاد‌سازی حرارت به آسایش حرارتی کمک می‌کنند. نانومواد در مصالح ساختمانی به افزایش 40 درصدی استحکام، 35 درصدی عمر مفید و کاهش 20 درصدی مصرف انرژی در فرایند ساخت منجر می‌شود و این مواد با ورود به زنجیرۀ غذایی و سمیت به سلامتی انسان آسیب می‌زنند. سنتز سبز، نانوذرات سازگار با محیط زیست و بازیافت نانومواد در کاهش اثر‌های محیط ‌زیست نقش ایفا می‌کند. سنتز سبز نانوذرات در کاهش ۳۰ درصد مصرف انرژی، ۴۰ درصد هزینۀ تولیدی و افزایش ۵۰ درصدی بازده تولید تأثیرگذار است. شهرداری‌ها، دولت، صنعت و دانشگاه با مشوق‌های مالی، تدوین قوانین و استاندارد‌ها و ایجاد رصدخانه‌های فناوری نانو در پروژه‌های ساختمانی به توسعۀ پایدار شهری و مقابله با بحران انرژی و اقلیم در ایران منجر می‌شوند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
انرژی
شیشۀ هوشمند
ساختمان انرژی‌صفر
مواد تغییر‌فاز‌دهنده
نانومواد

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Nanomaterials in Zero Energy Buildings: A Comprehensive Review of Achievements, Policy Making, and Urban Perspectives

نویسندگان English

Ali Yousefi Roshan 1
Mahdi Gandomzadeh 1
Yazdan Alvari 2
Aslan Gholami 3
Majid Zandi 4
1 PhD Student, Department of Renewable Energy Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
2 PhD Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Renewable Energy Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
4 Associate Professor, Department of Renewable Energy Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده English

Buildings contribute to 40% of the world's energy consumption and 30% of greenhouse gas emissions. Zero-energy buildings are used to reduce energy consumption, fossil fuel consumption and environmental impacts. In this analytical study, data was extracted from reliable databases and sources. 28,090 patents were filed between 1995 and 2024 in the field of nanotechnology applications in zero-energy buildings, with the United States, Europe, China and India leading the way in this field. The study aims to determine the effectiveness of nanotechnology in zero-energy buildings and environmental impacts. Nanomaterials in smart windows are used to regulate light levels, self-cleaning, hydrophobicity and energy consumption. Smart windows reduce cooling energy consumption by 36.9% and lighting energy consumption by 54.5%. Nanomaterials and phase-change materials contribute to thermal comfort by storing and releasing heat in building components during the day. Nanomaterials in building materials lead to a 40% increase in strength, a 35% increase in useful life, and a 20% decrease in energy consumption in the construction process, and these materials harm human health by entering the food chain and becoming toxic. Green synthesis, environmentally friendly nanoparticles, and recycling of nanomaterials play a role in reducing environmental impacts. Green nanoparticle synthesis effectively reduces energy consumption by 30%, production costs by 40%, and production efficiency by 50%. Municipalities, the government, industry, and universities contribute to sustainable urban development and confronting the energy and climate crisis in Iran through financial incentives, the development of laws and standards, and the establishment of nanotechnology observatories in construction projects.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Energy
Smart glass
Zero energy building
Phase change materials
Nanomaterials
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سیاست گذاری پیشرفت شهری
دوره 2، شماره 4
زمستان 1404
صفحه 423-444

  • تاریخ دریافت 12 فروردین 1404
  • تاریخ بازنگری 11 اردیبهشت 1404
  • تاریخ پذیرش 11 خرداد 1404
  • تاریخ انتشار 20 شهریور 1404