University of Applied Sciences and Technology of Tehran Municipality Urban Development Policy Making 3092-653X 3 2 2026 06 01 Behavioral Analysis of Motorcyclists Using Simulation and the Development of Behavioral Models Behavioral Analysis of Motorcyclists Using Simulation and the Development of Behavioral Models 187 200 242446 10.22034/judpm.2026.570426.1083 FA Hamid Reza Behnood Department of Civil-Transportation, Faculty of Engineering, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran 0000-0002-0316-2043 Saadi Rasouli Department of Civil-Transportation, Faculty of Engineering, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran 0009-0003-0749-0647 Journal Article 2025 11 22 The behavior of motorcyclists is one of the key determinants of traffic safety and the reduction of road accidents. Motorcycles are more at risk of accidents due to their specific characteristics, including the lack of adequate physical protection and the high mobility of drivers. A detailed analysis of the behavior of this group of road users, especially using well-known behavioral models such as the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and the Motorcycle Rider Behavior Questionnaire (MRBQ), can help predict risky behaviors and improve safety policies. In addition, the use of computer simulations in the analysis of motorcyclist behavior allows for the examination of their reactions in controlled and diverse environments, which may not be possible in the real world for reasons of cost and safety. The main objective of the study is to provide a comprehensive framework for analyzing motorcycle rider behavior based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and the Motorcycle Rider Behavior Questionnaire (MRBQ) and its application in traffic simulations. The research method is based on a literature review and selected studies are collected from reputable international databases. A review of previous studies shows that qualitative data from TPB and MRBQ can be converted into quantitative parameters using methods such as numerical scoring (Likert scale) and component weighting. When these parameters are integrated into traffic simulation models, it is possible to analyze different scenarios and predict the risk of motorcyclist behavior with higher accuracy. The behavior of motorcyclists is one of the key determinants of traffic safety and the reduction of road accidents. Motorcycles are more at risk of accidents due to their specific characteristics, including the lack of adequate physical protection and the high mobility of drivers. A detailed analysis of the behavior of this group of road users, especially using well-known behavioral models such as the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and the Motorcycle Rider Behavior Questionnaire (MRBQ), can help predict risky behaviors and improve safety policies. In addition, the use of computer simulations in the analysis of motorcyclist behavior allows for the examination of their reactions in controlled and diverse environments, which may not be possible in the real world for reasons of cost and safety. The main objective of the study is to provide a comprehensive framework for analyzing motorcycle rider behavior based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and the Motorcycle Rider Behavior Questionnaire (MRBQ) and its application in traffic simulations. The research method is based on a literature review and selected studies are collected from reputable international databases. A review of previous studies shows that qualitative data from TPB and MRBQ can be converted into quantitative parameters using methods such as numerical scoring (Likert scale) and component weighting. When these parameters are integrated into traffic simulation models, it is possible to analyze different scenarios and predict the risk of motorcyclist behavior with higher accuracy.

https://www.judpm.ir/article_242446_0c8548fb6c54864713b5c16cbb80b328.pdf

University of Applied Sciences and Technology of Tehran Municipality Urban Development Policy Making 3092-653X 3 2 2026 06 01 Climate Change Adaptation Policy in Tehran: Reinterpreting Spatial Precipitation Patterns over the Next 20-Year Climate Change Adaptation Policy in Tehran: Reinterpreting Spatial Precipitation Patterns over the Next 20-Year 201 211 242503 10.22034/judpm.2026.568604.1078 FA Mohammad Reza Farzaneh Assistant Prof. at Research Group of Environmental Engineering and Pollution Monitoring, Research Center for Environment and Sustainable Development, RCESD, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Abdolhosseini Assistant Professor, Water Engineering Department the Director of Educational Affairs, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources (www.gau.ac.ir), Gorgan, Golestan Province, Iran Journal Article 2025 11 28 The development of the Tehran metropolis requires adherence to spatial planning and resource capacity, especially hydrological limits. This study analyzes the impacts of climate change on precipitation distribution in Sub-basin 4133, which affects Tehran's urban policymaking. Given limited high-altitude observational data, TerraClimate reanalysis data were validated (R^2 > 0.85). Precipitation patterns from the past 70 and 20 years were studied, and future changes under four Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) were projected using the median of five CMIP6 models with the Change Factor downscaling method. Results show a "spatial contraction of high-precipitation zones" in the last 20 years, decreasing the basin's hydrological inflow. Future projections indicate an inevitable precipitation decline even under the sustainable scenario (SSP1-2.6), with the pessimistic scenario (SSP5-8.5) predicting a severe water resource collapse in northern highlands (below 190 mm). This, potentially worsened by Tehran's Urban Heat Island (UHI), could lead to destructive flash floods, reduced soil permeability, compromised groundwater recharge, and increased land subsidence in southern districts. The findings underscore the critical need for urban regeneration to implement the "Sponge City" model and update spatial planning documents according to the basin's revised ecological capacity. The development of the Tehran metropolis requires adherence to spatial planning and resource capacity, especially hydrological limits. This study analyzes the impacts of climate change on precipitation distribution in Sub-basin 4133, which affects Tehran's urban policymaking. Given limited high-altitude observational data, TerraClimate reanalysis data were validated (R^2 > 0.85). Precipitation patterns from the past 70 and 20 years were studied, and future changes under four Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) were projected using the median of five CMIP6 models with the Change Factor downscaling method. Results show a "spatial contraction of high-precipitation zones" in the last 20 years, decreasing the basin's hydrological inflow. Future projections indicate an inevitable precipitation decline even under the sustainable scenario (SSP1-2.6), with the pessimistic scenario (SSP5-8.5) predicting a severe water resource collapse in northern highlands (below 190 mm). This, potentially worsened by Tehran's Urban Heat Island (UHI), could lead to destructive flash floods, reduced soil permeability, compromised groundwater recharge, and increased land subsidence in southern districts. The findings underscore the critical need for urban regeneration to implement the "Sponge City" model and update spatial planning documents according to the basin's revised ecological capacity.

https://www.judpm.ir/article_242503_75939ac1a83f11e31820b1dbab80eef7.pdf

University of Applied Sciences and Technology of Tehran Municipality Urban Development Policy Making 3092-653X 3 2 2026 06 01 Strategic Assessment Framework for Soft Mobility Network Development in Urban Revitalization: Insights from Pedestrian and Cycling Path Planning in District 2 of Tehran Municipality Strategic Assessment Framework for Soft Mobility Network Development in Urban Revitalization: Insights from Pedestrian and Cycling Path Planning in District 2 of Tehran Municipality 213 232 242557 10.22034/judpm.2026.572668.1085 FA Mahdi Salehi Tehran Municipality and M.Sc. in Architecture, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran, Iran, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Hossein Boochani Assistant Professor, Department of Urban Planning, Faculty of Art and Architecture, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Marzieh Samadi Foroushani Assistant Professor, Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Engineering, University of Eyvanekey, Eyvanekey, Iran Esmaeil Ghafari Tehran Municipality and Department of Public Administration (Public Policy), Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2025 11 28 The rapid growth of cities and the consequences of climate change, the energy crisis and dependence on private cars have highlighted the necessity of urban regeneration and the development of soft mobility infrastructure (walking and cycling). The current research aims to integrate the development strategy of the soft mobility network in the planning process of revitalization of urban spaces, while providing a strategic evaluation framework for the regeneration of urban spaces, and identifying the development strategies of the soft mobility network in the revitalization of urban space based on a systemic intervention process in the planning of the walking and cycling routes of the 2nd district of Tehran municipality. For this purpose, first by reviewing the literature and reviewing the international documents, the strategic evaluation framework of urban regeneration was developed and using the methodology of revealing and testing strange assumptions (SAST), with the participation of organizational decision makers while revealing the strategic assumptions of soft network development in urban revitalization, after dialectical discussions, the synthesis and integration of system development strategies were conducted and based on the level of importance and assurance of the correctness of the assumption of the secure planning area, it was presented. The research findings indicate that the proposed strategies have mainly focused on the physical-spatial dimensions, safety, welfare and health of users; measures such as connecting parks, constructing pedestrian and bicycle bridges, separating paths, installing safety signs and equipment, emergency and medical services, and creating service and welfare stations, and some solutions in the dimensions of social justice, institutional participation and technological innovation have also been considered. However, improving the dimensions of socio-economic resilience and evaluation frameworks based on users' perceptions of the areas that can be developed in the vitality path were identified. The rapid growth of cities and the consequences of climate change, the energy crisis and dependence on private cars have highlighted the necessity of urban regeneration and the development of soft mobility infrastructure (walking and cycling). The current research aims to integrate the development strategy of the soft mobility network in the planning process of revitalization of urban spaces, while providing a strategic evaluation framework for the regeneration of urban spaces, and identifying the development strategies of the soft mobility network in the revitalization of urban space based on a systemic intervention process in the planning of the walking and cycling routes of the 2nd district of Tehran municipality. For this purpose, first by reviewing the literature and reviewing the international documents, the strategic evaluation framework of urban regeneration was developed and using the methodology of revealing and testing strange assumptions (SAST), with the participation of organizational decision makers while revealing the strategic assumptions of soft network development in urban revitalization, after dialectical discussions, the synthesis and integration of system development strategies were conducted and based on the level of importance and assurance of the correctness of the assumption of the secure planning area, it was presented. The research findings indicate that the proposed strategies have mainly focused on the physical-spatial dimensions, safety, welfare and health of users; measures such as connecting parks, constructing pedestrian and bicycle bridges, separating paths, installing safety signs and equipment, emergency and medical services, and creating service and welfare stations, and some solutions in the dimensions of social justice, institutional participation and technological innovation have also been considered. However, improving the dimensions of socio-economic resilience and evaluation frameworks based on users' perceptions of the areas that can be developed in the vitality path were identified.

https://www.judpm.ir/article_242557_bceae90fec5187edc3831673fb5055dc.pdf

University of Applied Sciences and Technology of Tehran Municipality Urban Development Policy Making 3092-653X 3 2 2026 07 02 Modeling Rear-End and Lane-Change Crash Severity Of Passenger Vehicles At Urban Roundabouts Modeling Rear-End and Lane-Change Crash Severity Of Passenger Vehicles At Urban Roundabouts 233 247 244233 10.22034/judpm.2026.574180.1088 FA Ali Rahmani Department of Highway and Transportation, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran 0009-0001-5723-1593 Amin Mirza Boroujerdian Associated Professor, Department of Highway and Transportation & Road and Transportation Engineering Research Center, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2025 11 28 Predicting crash severity based on recorded crash data is associated with several challenges, including limited accessibility, incomplete information, and potential reporting errors. Consequently, surrogate safety measures provide a proactive approach that reduces reliance on crash data and enables the assessment of factors influencing crash severity prior to crash occurrence. Urban roundabouts, as intersections with a circular central island, play an important role in moderating vehicle speeds, making the analysis of factors affecting interaction severity particularly relevant. In this study, aerial image processing techniques were used to analyze rear-end interactions among passenger cars at the Roudband roundabout, located in Dezful County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. Performance-related variables were extracted using safety analysis software, and gamma regression models were employed to examine the factors influencing interaction severity. Surrogate safety measures, including time to collision (TTC), were used as the dependent variable to evaluate factors affecting the severity of rear-end and lane-change interactions. The results indicate that maximum speed has the strongest effect in the final rear-end interaction model, such that a one-unit increase in maximum speed leads to a 0.488-unit reduction in interaction severity. This finding highlights the statistically significant mitigating effect of maximum speed on the safety level of traffic interactions and demonstrates the influence of speed variations on reducing interaction severity at urban roundabouts. Predicting crash severity based on recorded crash data is associated with several challenges, including limited accessibility, incomplete information, and potential reporting errors. Consequently, surrogate safety measures provide a proactive approach that reduces reliance on crash data and enables the assessment of factors influencing crash severity prior to crash occurrence. Urban roundabouts, as intersections with a circular central island, play an important role in moderating vehicle speeds, making the analysis of factors affecting interaction severity particularly relevant. In this study, aerial image processing techniques were used to analyze rear-end interactions among passenger cars at the Roudband roundabout, located in Dezful County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. Performance-related variables were extracted using safety analysis software, and gamma regression models were employed to examine the factors influencing interaction severity. Surrogate safety measures, including time to collision (TTC), were used as the dependent variable to evaluate factors affecting the severity of rear-end and lane-change interactions. The results indicate that maximum speed has the strongest effect in the final rear-end interaction model, such that a one-unit increase in maximum speed leads to a 0.488-unit reduction in interaction severity. This finding highlights the statistically significant mitigating effect of maximum speed on the safety level of traffic interactions and demonstrates the influence of speed variations on reducing interaction severity at urban roundabouts.

https://www.judpm.ir/article_244233_976c5cfac2ccda5a23ca8105f7225789.pdf

University of Applied Sciences and Technology of Tehran Municipality Urban Development Policy Making 3092-653X 3 2 2026 06 01 Performance Evaluation and Organizational Transparency in Tehran Municipality: Transition from a Control Model to a Learning and Open-Data Model (Case Study: 22 Districts) Performance Evaluation and Organizational Transparency in Tehran Municipality: Transition from a Control Model to a Learning and Open-Data Model (Case Study: 22 Districts) 249 262 238581 10.22034/judpm.2026.562557.1075 FA Elham Sangi Urban Planning Researcher, M.A. in Urban and Regional Planning, Tehran, Iran 0000-0003-2989-8830 Ali Jafari Shahrestani PhD in Development Economics and Planning, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Allamah Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2025 10 23 This study investigates how transitioning from a traditional control‑oriented administrative paradigm to a learning‑oriented and open‑data governance model can enhance performance evaluation and organizational transparency in the Municipality of Tehran. Using all 22 municipal districts as an empirical setting, the research examines the relationships between managerial development, organizational learning orientation, open data practices, and transparency outcomes. A quantitative approach was adopted, and data were collected through a structured questionnaire administered to managers and administrative experts across seven functional domains: infrastructure and urban development, human resources, budgeting and finance, public participation, information technology, service delivery, and regulatory compliance. Structural equation modeling (SEM) using maximum likelihood estimation was employed for analysis. The model demonstrated acceptable goodness‑of‑fit indices (CFI=0.94, TLI=0.91, RMSEA=0.058, χ²/df=2.45). Results indicate that managerial development significantly improves both information transparency (β=0.54) and accountability transparency (β=0.62). The findings highlight the role of learning‑based management and open data practices in strengthening transparency and improving municipal performance evaluation systems. This study investigates how transitioning from a traditional control‑oriented administrative paradigm to a learning‑oriented and open‑data governance model can enhance performance evaluation and organizational transparency in the Municipality of Tehran. Using all 22 municipal districts as an empirical setting, the research examines the relationships between managerial development, organizational learning orientation, open data practices, and transparency outcomes. A quantitative approach was adopted, and data were collected through a structured questionnaire administered to managers and administrative experts across seven functional domains: infrastructure and urban development, human resources, budgeting and finance, public participation, information technology, service delivery, and regulatory compliance. Structural equation modeling (SEM) using maximum likelihood estimation was employed for analysis. The model demonstrated acceptable goodness‑of‑fit indices (CFI=0.94, TLI=0.91, RMSEA=0.058, χ²/df=2.45). Results indicate that managerial development significantly improves both information transparency (β=0.54) and accountability transparency (β=0.62). The findings highlight the role of learning‑based management and open data practices in strengthening transparency and improving municipal performance evaluation systems.

https://www.judpm.ir/article_238581_3c5333d778e4e84102b95ffc7033770e.pdf

University of Applied Sciences and Technology of Tehran Municipality Urban Development Policy Making 3092-653X 3 2 2026 06 01 A Strategic Framework for Smart Oversight Based on Machine Learning in Urban Management in Iran: A Grounded Theory Approach (Case Study: Tehran Municipality) A Strategic Framework for Smart Oversight Based on Machine Learning in Urban Management in Iran: A Grounded Theory Approach (Case Study: Tehran Municipality) 263 281 240721 10.22034/judpm.2026.562470.1076 FA Bahare Pouryamini PhD Student in Urban Planning, Faculty of Social Sciences, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran Alireza Jalinous PhD Student in Information and Communication Technology Management, Faculty of Administrative and Economic Sciences, University of Ferdowsi mashhad, Iran ,Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Iran Journal Article 2025 10 23 The increasing complexity of administrative processes and the expansion of organizational data have highlighted the need for intelligent and data-driven monitoring in urban management. This study aimed to design a contextual model of intelligent monitoring for Tehran Municipality using a grounded theory approach. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 12 experts in urban management, administrative supervision, information technology, and data governance and analyzed through open, axial, and selective coding. The findings identified three main categories influencing intelligent monitoring: causal conditions, contextual conditions, and intervening factors. Four key strategies were also extracted, including the development of AI infrastructure, human empowerment, intelligent policymaking, and machine learning-based monitoring indicators. The results indicate that intelligent monitoring can enhance transparency, reduce corruption and administrative deviations, improve data-driven decision-making, and strengthen public trust in urban management. The proposed model provides a practical framework for implementing intelligent monitoring in municipalities. The increasing complexity of administrative processes and the expansion of organizational data have highlighted the need for intelligent and data-driven monitoring in urban management. This study aimed to design a contextual model of intelligent monitoring for Tehran Municipality using a grounded theory approach. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 12 experts in urban management, administrative supervision, information technology, and data governance and analyzed through open, axial, and selective coding. The findings identified three main categories influencing intelligent monitoring: causal conditions, contextual conditions, and intervening factors. Four key strategies were also extracted, including the development of AI infrastructure, human empowerment, intelligent policymaking, and machine learning-based monitoring indicators. The results indicate that intelligent monitoring can enhance transparency, reduce corruption and administrative deviations, improve data-driven decision-making, and strengthen public trust in urban management. The proposed model provides a practical framework for implementing intelligent monitoring in municipalities.

https://www.judpm.ir/article_240721_8c88b34cd6ffd2d702864871eafd7091.pdf

University of Applied Sciences and Technology of Tehran Municipality Urban Development Policy Making 3092-653X 3 2 2026 07 02 Comparative Evaluation of Traffic Calming Measures Effectiveness in Reducing Vehicle Speeds (A Field Study in Tehran) Comparative Evaluation of Traffic Calming Measures Effectiveness in Reducing Vehicle Speeds (A Field Study in Tehran) 283 298 244599 10.22034/judpm.2026.577927.1094 FA Hassan Khaksar Assistant Professor of Civil Engineering, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 0000-0003-0291-9128 Payam Moeini Master of Science in Road Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2025 10 23 Traffic calming measures are widely used in urban streets to reduce vehicle speeds and improve road safety. This study evaluates the effectiveness of several traffic calming measures implemented in Tehran, including plastic speed humps, sinusoidal speed humps, median islands, pavement treatments, and rumble strips. Vehicle speeds were collected under free-flow traffic conditions using laser speed measurement devices. A before–after analysis framework was adopted, and independent sample t-tests were used to compare vehicle speeds before and at the location of each traffic calming measure. The results indicate that plastic speed humps, plastic speed humps combined with median islands, and sinusoidal speed humps produced the greatest reductions in vehicle speed. In contrast, rumble strips did not show statistically significant effects on speed reduction. The findings also demonstrate that speed reduction generally begins before the installation point and gradually recovers after passing the calming device. Overall, the study confirms that properly designed traffic calming measures can effectively reduce operating speeds and improve urban traffic safety. Combined calming strategies were found to be more effective than isolated measures. The results can support evidence-based decision-making for selecting suitable traffic calming measures in urban streets. Traffic calming measures are widely used in urban streets to reduce vehicle speeds and improve road safety. This study evaluates the effectiveness of several traffic calming measures implemented in Tehran, including plastic speed humps, sinusoidal speed humps, median islands, pavement treatments, and rumble strips. Vehicle speeds were collected under free-flow traffic conditions using laser speed measurement devices. A before–after analysis framework was adopted, and independent sample t-tests were used to compare vehicle speeds before and at the location of each traffic calming measure. The results indicate that plastic speed humps, plastic speed humps combined with median islands, and sinusoidal speed humps produced the greatest reductions in vehicle speed. In contrast, rumble strips did not show statistically significant effects on speed reduction. The findings also demonstrate that speed reduction generally begins before the installation point and gradually recovers after passing the calming device. Overall, the study confirms that properly designed traffic calming measures can effectively reduce operating speeds and improve urban traffic safety. Combined calming strategies were found to be more effective than isolated measures. The results can support evidence-based decision-making for selecting suitable traffic calming measures in urban streets.

https://www.judpm.ir/article_244599_df8a7fe04052a04f5a6f3252d3afb8cf.pdf

University of Applied Sciences and Technology of Tehran Municipality Urban Development Policy Making 3092-653X 3 2 2026 06 01 Optimizing Tourist Attraction in the Historic Khorramabad Valley: A Sustainable Urban Tourism Planning Approach Optimizing Tourist Attraction in the Historic Khorramabad Valley: A Sustainable Urban Tourism Planning Approach 299 314 235947 10.22034/judpm.2025.556087.1071 FA Ali Asghar Abdeshahi Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Management, Faculty of Management and Economics, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran 0009-0007-8243-760X Journal Article 2025 10 23 The Historic Khorramabad Valley, one of Iran’s oldest human settlements and a UNESCO World Heritage Site, holds exceptional natural and cultural tourism potential, yet faces barriers in infrastructure, marketing, and planning. This study aimed to determine the optimal combination of tourism infrastructure, destination marketing, and cultural-recreational events to maximize tourist attraction using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with Central Composite Design. The sample included 101 tourism practitioners in Lorestan, assessed via a 9-point Likert questionnaire under hypothetical scenarios. The quadratic model (R² = 0.9638) was optimal. Results revealed marketing with the strongest linear effect (coefficient 1.23), infrastructure with positive quadratic effect (increasing returns), and events with negative quadratic effect (diminishing returns beyond optimum). A positive marketing-events interaction indicated synergy. The optimal mix infrastructure and marketing at level 9, events at 8.015 yielded 7.98 attraction. Findings underscore the need for integrated, data-driven sustainable tourism planning. Recommendations include forming an inter-sectoral steering committee, phased infrastructure investment, smart marketing, and optimized event management. The Historic Khorramabad Valley, one of Iran’s oldest human settlements and a UNESCO World Heritage Site, holds exceptional natural and cultural tourism potential, yet faces barriers in infrastructure, marketing, and planning. This study aimed to determine the optimal combination of tourism infrastructure, destination marketing, and cultural-recreational events to maximize tourist attraction using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with Central Composite Design. The sample included 101 tourism practitioners in Lorestan, assessed via a 9-point Likert questionnaire under hypothetical scenarios. The quadratic model (R² = 0.9638) was optimal. Results revealed marketing with the strongest linear effect (coefficient 1.23), infrastructure with positive quadratic effect (increasing returns), and events with negative quadratic effect (diminishing returns beyond optimum). A positive marketing-events interaction indicated synergy. The optimal mix infrastructure and marketing at level 9, events at 8.015 yielded 7.98 attraction. Findings underscore the need for integrated, data-driven sustainable tourism planning. Recommendations include forming an inter-sectoral steering committee, phased infrastructure investment, smart marketing, and optimized event management.

https://www.judpm.ir/article_235947_098c49ad773b0194944780694c21040a.pdf

University of Applied Sciences and Technology of Tehran Municipality Urban Development Policy Making 3092-653X 3 2 2026 06 01 Redefinition the Design Basics of Sacred Defense Museums in Iran Approaching of Islamic Civilization Redefinition the Design Basics of Sacred Defense Museums in Iran Approaching of Islamic Civilization 315 337 242720 10.22034/judpm.2026.572859.1086 FA Asghar Molaei Associate Professor, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tabriz Islamic Art University, Tabriz, Iran 0000-0002-9458-040X Journal Article 2025 11 26 Museums are places of memory and space to preserve, introduce and publish the culture of the past and the works left from the past history of the land. Sacred defense museums are created as collections to collect, recognize and publish the culture of sacred defense and research in this direction. The necessity and importance of these museums can be derived from the intellectual foundations and religious, national and patriotic ideas. The country of Iran, focusing on Islamic and Iranian culture and foundations, and having gone through many wars and incidents in the battle with its many enemies, has a great history in the holy defense, which research is in line with what, why and how to design the museums of the holy defense. It can be a way to read and explain the future path. Therefore, this article aims to explain the dimensions and necessities of the design of sacred defense museums with a qualitative approach, which tries to do this research by studying case examples of war and military museums in different countries of the world and studying documents and libraries. . The results of this research show that the basics of designing war and military museums in world records, especially in western countries, include the defense of the homeland and homeland, displaying national honors and honoring the soldiers and officers who died and survived the war, as well as human rights with an emphasis It is about the killings and destruction left over from the First and Second World Wars and regional and local wars. But the foundations of the design of the sacred defense museums are based on the sanctity of defense and Islamic values, God-centered, Velayat-centered, and resurrection belief, which is manifested in the form of the concepts of martyrdom and sacrifice and through the tools, memories, wisdom, and sacrifices of warriors and martyrs, Martyrdom lifestyle, spirituality and requirements of Iranian-Islamic architecture and the urban Arsan pattern. Museums are places of memory and space to preserve, introduce and publish the culture of the past and the works left from the past history of the land. Sacred defense museums are created as collections to collect, recognize and publish the culture of sacred defense and research in this direction. The necessity and importance of these museums can be derived from the intellectual foundations and religious, national and patriotic ideas. The country of Iran, focusing on Islamic and Iranian culture and foundations, and having gone through many wars and incidents in the battle with its many enemies, has a great history in the holy defense, which research is in line with what, why and how to design the museums of the holy defense. It can be a way to read and explain the future path. Therefore, this article aims to explain the dimensions and necessities of the design of sacred defense museums with a qualitative approach, which tries to do this research by studying case examples of war and military museums in different countries of the world and studying documents and libraries. . The results of this research show that the basics of designing war and military museums in world records, especially in western countries, include the defense of the homeland and homeland, displaying national honors and honoring the soldiers and officers who died and survived the war, as well as human rights with an emphasis It is about the killings and destruction left over from the First and Second World Wars and regional and local wars. But the foundations of the design of the sacred defense museums are based on the sanctity of defense and Islamic values, God-centered, Velayat-centered, and resurrection belief, which is manifested in the form of the concepts of martyrdom and sacrifice and through the tools, memories, wisdom, and sacrifices of warriors and martyrs, Martyrdom lifestyle, spirituality and requirements of Iranian-Islamic architecture and the urban Arsan pattern.

https://www.judpm.ir/article_242720_a0e3174d1ccb07a8ceb711770440213a.pdf

University of Applied Sciences and Technology of Tehran Municipality Urban Development Policy Making 3092-653X 3 2 2026 06 22 The Role of Cyberspace in Redefining Urban Governance; from Accountability to Participation (Case Study: Tehran Metropolis) The Role of Cyberspace in Redefining Urban Governance; from Accountability to Participation (Case Study: Tehran Metropolis) 339 357 244446 10.22034/judpm.2026.581954.1104 FA Roshanak Ezzati Political Science department, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Garineh Keshishian Siraki Department of Political Science and International Relations, Tehran South Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 0000-0001-8645-7295 Seyyed Mostafa Abtahi Department of Political Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 0009-0006-6494-7078 Journal Article 2025 11 26 The aim of this study is to analyze the role of cyberspace in redefining the governance of Tehran metropolis, with an emphasis on two components: accountability and participation. In the contemporary era, metropolitan cities—due to population density, complexity of urban issues, and high volume of interactions—have become more dependent on modern communication technologies than any other environment. Cyberspace, characterized by interactivity, trans-spatiality, trans-temporality, and decentralization, has provided an unprecedented platform for transforming traditional power structures, accountability, and participation in urban governance. Tehran metropolis was selected as the case study for two main reasons: first, its pioneering role in establishing digital citizen systems (such as the "Man Shahrdaram" application and the 137 complaint system); second, the simultaneous coexistence of participatory approaches with restrictive policies (filtering). The research employs a qualitative approach using thematic analysis. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 25 experts and subsequently coded. The findings indicate that cyberspace plays the role of an "incomplete catalyst" in Tehran: on the one hand, it has broken down the traditional boundaries of communication between urban management and citizens; on the other hand, due to structural barriers—namely symbolic and inequitable participation (accompanied by the digital divide and coerced participation), episodic and non-binding accountability (lacking tracking codes and enforcement mechanisms), and institutional challenges (institutional overlap, predominance of a control-oriented approach, lack of financial transparency)—it has failed to establish a stable and equitable system. These findings suggest that Tehran's main problem is not a lack of technology, but a misalignment between technological capacity and the institutional framework. The most important solution is the transition from a control-oriented approach to smart regulation, coupled with the institutionalization of binding accountability and the establishment of a unified urban window for citizen participation and oversight. The aim of this study is to analyze the role of cyberspace in redefining the governance of Tehran metropolis, with an emphasis on two components: accountability and participation. In the contemporary era, metropolitan cities—due to population density, complexity of urban issues, and high volume of interactions—have become more dependent on modern communication technologies than any other environment. Cyberspace, characterized by interactivity, trans-spatiality, trans-temporality, and decentralization, has provided an unprecedented platform for transforming traditional power structures, accountability, and participation in urban governance. Tehran metropolis was selected as the case study for two main reasons: first, its pioneering role in establishing digital citizen systems (such as the "Man Shahrdaram" application and the 137 complaint system); second, the simultaneous coexistence of participatory approaches with restrictive policies (filtering). The research employs a qualitative approach using thematic analysis. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 25 experts and subsequently coded. The findings indicate that cyberspace plays the role of an "incomplete catalyst" in Tehran: on the one hand, it has broken down the traditional boundaries of communication between urban management and citizens; on the other hand, due to structural barriers—namely symbolic and inequitable participation (accompanied by the digital divide and coerced participation), episodic and non-binding accountability (lacking tracking codes and enforcement mechanisms), and institutional challenges (institutional overlap, predominance of a control-oriented approach, lack of financial transparency)—it has failed to establish a stable and equitable system. These findings suggest that Tehran's main problem is not a lack of technology, but a misalignment between technological capacity and the institutional framework. The most important solution is the transition from a control-oriented approach to smart regulation, coupled with the institutionalization of binding accountability and the establishment of a unified urban window for citizen participation and oversight.

https://www.judpm.ir/article_244446_8e31edeb970455dc41210aa5078a7d70.pdf