University of Applied Sciences and Technology of Tehran MunicipalityUrban Development Policy Making3092-653X3120270101Data-Driven Application of the Water and Power Observatory in Flood Management in the Metropolis of AhvazData-Driven Application of the Water and Power Observatory in Flood Management in the Metropolis of Ahvaz11723106110.22034/judpm.2025.542528.1059FAMostafaMasoumiWater and Power Observatory, Khuzestan Water and Power Authority, Ahvaz, IranSeyed EbrahimHosseiniRiver and Coastal Engineering Department, Khuzestan Water and Power Authority, Ahvaz, IranGholamhosseinKarimiWater and Power Observatory, Khuzestan Water and Power Authority, Ahvaz, IranArefVaeliWater and Power Observatory, Khuzestan Water and Power Authority, Ahvaz, IranArdeshirKalaniWater and Power Observatory, Khuzestan Water and Power Authority, Ahvaz, IranJournal Article20250723<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Angsana New'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">The presence of permanent rivers or seasonal streams in populated areas or in the vicinity of large cities such as Tehran, Ahvaz, Isfahan, and Shiraz, in addition to creating opportunities for urban development, should always be considered as a potential threat in terms of risks and damages caused by floods. The presence of 5 important and flood rivers in Khuzestan Province and the location of the metropolis of Ahvaz and some important cities in the vicinity of these rivers shows that floods are always lurking in the shadows of entering these cities. 60 years of experience in water resources management in Khuzestan Province has led to integrated and more accurate flood management, which can be introduced as a suitable model for the flood management process in cities located in the vicinity of rivers or streams. In the April 2019 flood in the Khuzestan region, the effective use of data, information, and model output, along with the correct analysis of various scenarios, resulted in the maximum flow rate of the Karun River in the Ahvaz section not exceeding 3,200 m<sup>3</sup>/s. This was while, based on mathematical models and field evidence, if the aforementioned measures were not implemented, the flow rate in the Ahvaz section would have exceeded 5,000 m<sup>3</sup>/s, causing financial and human losses. In this article, which was conducted in a descriptive-analytical manner after collecting and processing data, based on the lessons learned and experiences gained from the management of the aforementioned flood, the role of the Water and Energy Observatory in predicting and reducing flood risks in the period before, during, and after the flood is presented as an efficient model.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Angsana New'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">The presence of permanent rivers or seasonal streams in populated areas or in the vicinity of large cities such as Tehran, Ahvaz, Isfahan, and Shiraz, in addition to creating opportunities for urban development, should always be considered as a potential threat in terms of risks and damages caused by floods. The presence of 5 important and flood rivers in Khuzestan Province and the location of the metropolis of Ahvaz and some important cities in the vicinity of these rivers shows that floods are always lurking in the shadows of entering these cities. 60 years of experience in water resources management in Khuzestan Province has led to integrated and more accurate flood management, which can be introduced as a suitable model for the flood management process in cities located in the vicinity of rivers or streams. In the April 2019 flood in the Khuzestan region, the effective use of data, information, and model output, along with the correct analysis of various scenarios, resulted in the maximum flow rate of the Karun River in the Ahvaz section not exceeding 3,200 m<sup>3</sup>/s. This was while, based on mathematical models and field evidence, if the aforementioned measures were not implemented, the flow rate in the Ahvaz section would have exceeded 5,000 m<sup>3</sup>/s, causing financial and human losses. In this article, which was conducted in a descriptive-analytical manner after collecting and processing data, based on the lessons learned and experiences gained from the management of the aforementioned flood, the role of the Water and Energy Observatory in predicting and reducing flood risks in the period before, during, and after the flood is presented as an efficient model.</span>https://www.judpm.ir/article_231061_f551958197dcf3178a02f4eb85afac43.pdfUniversity of Applied Sciences and Technology of Tehran MunicipalityUrban Development Policy Making3092-653X3120270101Feasibility Study of Reusing Urban Runoff and Treated Municipal Wastewater for Irrigation of Urban Spaces in TehranFeasibility Study of Reusing Urban Runoff and Treated Municipal Wastewater for Irrigation of Urban Spaces in Tehran193223594510.22034/judpm.2025.554520.1070FAZohrehHesamiPh.D. Graduate, School of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, IranSeyed AlirezaTaheri RiabiM.Sc Graduate, School of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, IranJavadYahaghiPh.D. Candidate, School of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, IranJournal Article20250728<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;">Given the population growth and the increasing demand for water, driven by factors such as climate change and evolving consumption patterns, efforts have shifted towards the utilization of unconventional water resources. In this context, the Municipality of Tehran has initiated a project aimed at supplying the water required for irrigating green spaces from surface runoff and treated municipal wastewater. In the present study, the water demand for both urban and peri-urban green spaces in Tehran was first calculated. Subsequently, the potential for utilizing effluent from municipal wastewater treatment plants and runoff flowing through urban channels as an alternative to groundwater resources for irrigating green spaces was examined, taking into account both quantitative (flow rate) and qualitative (effluent analysis) characteristics. Based on the research findings, the Municipality of Tehran can proactively reduce raw water consumption for urban green space irrigation from 73% to 32% over a ten-year period by designing and implementing a comprehensive project for the treatment and reuse of urban runoff and treated municipal wastewater, while increasing the share of runoff and treated wastewater usage from approximately 15.6% to 64%. Furthermore, to further reduce water consumption, methods for aquifer recharge using runoff can be employed for more efficient utilization, along with modifying urban green space development patterns to decrease water demand as additional strategies for water conservation. Ultimately, this initiative has the potential to play a pivotal role in replenishing groundwater resources, thereby providing a more sustainable future for water supply in the city of Tehran.</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;">Given the population growth and the increasing demand for water, driven by factors such as climate change and evolving consumption patterns, efforts have shifted towards the utilization of unconventional water resources. In this context, the Municipality of Tehran has initiated a project aimed at supplying the water required for irrigating green spaces from surface runoff and treated municipal wastewater. In the present study, the water demand for both urban and peri-urban green spaces in Tehran was first calculated. Subsequently, the potential for utilizing effluent from municipal wastewater treatment plants and runoff flowing through urban channels as an alternative to groundwater resources for irrigating green spaces was examined, taking into account both quantitative (flow rate) and qualitative (effluent analysis) characteristics. Based on the research findings, the Municipality of Tehran can proactively reduce raw water consumption for urban green space irrigation from 73% to 32% over a ten-year period by designing and implementing a comprehensive project for the treatment and reuse of urban runoff and treated municipal wastewater, while increasing the share of runoff and treated wastewater usage from approximately 15.6% to 64%. Furthermore, to further reduce water consumption, methods for aquifer recharge using runoff can be employed for more efficient utilization, along with modifying urban green space development patterns to decrease water demand as additional strategies for water conservation. Ultimately, this initiative has the potential to play a pivotal role in replenishing groundwater resources, thereby providing a more sustainable future for water supply in the city of Tehran.</span>https://www.judpm.ir/article_235945_c1ec7ff3eb218dfdef7a30c5dfeb4364.pdfUniversity of Applied Sciences and Technology of Tehran MunicipalityUrban Development Policy Making3092-653X3120260331Studying Successful Urban Investment Models In Developed Countries With An Emphasis On Innovative Approaches: Developing A Proposed Model For Tehran MunicipalityStudying Successful Urban Investment Models In Developed Countries With An Emphasis On Innovative Approaches: Developing A Proposed Model For Tehran Municipality335023815410.22034/judpm.2025.537238.1056FAMasoud RezaRabiei BeheshtiMaster of Science in Theoretical Economics, Faculty of Economic and Political Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, IranMohammad RezaLatifi Sabet, PhD Student in Economic Sciences, Urban and Regional Economics, Faculty of Economics, Management and Accounting, Yazd University, IranJournal Article20250723With increasing urbanization and mounting pressure on the financial resources of cities—especially in developing countries—it is vital to develop innovative urban investment models. This study adopts a comparative approach to analyze successful urban investment practices in countries with advanced urban economies, such as Germany, the Netherlands, South Korea, the United Kingdom, Singapore, and Japan. Drawing on these case studies, the research aims to present a localized policy framework for the Municipality of Tehran.
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Amid rapid urbanization (urban population rising from 35% in 1950 to over 55% in 2015 and projected to reach 66% by 2050), many cities face severe fiscal constraints. Although Tehran’s municipal revenues grew from 84,617 billion rials in 2011 to 2,056,589 billion rials in 2025, the share of financing through investment has remained marginal—averaging just 1.2% over fourteen years, with a peak of only 3% in 2012. This underscores the need for more effective investment strategies. The study identifies four key components of successful urban investment: (1) institutional and legal frameworks, (2) innovative financial instruments, (3) stakeholder collaboration, and (4) data-driven governance. Based on these pillars, it proposes the "Smart Investable City Model" for Tehran. This model aims to increase investment-based financing, enhance financial self-reliance, and promote participatory, transparent development.</span>With increasing urbanization and mounting pressure on the financial resources of cities—especially in developing countries—it is vital to develop innovative urban investment models. This study adopts a comparative approach to analyze successful urban investment practices in countries with advanced urban economies, such as Germany, the Netherlands, South Korea, the United Kingdom, Singapore, and Japan. Drawing on these case studies, the research aims to present a localized policy framework for the Municipality of Tehran.
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Amid rapid urbanization (urban population rising from 35% in 1950 to over 55% in 2015 and projected to reach 66% by 2050), many cities face severe fiscal constraints. Although Tehran’s municipal revenues grew from 84,617 billion rials in 2011 to 2,056,589 billion rials in 2025, the share of financing through investment has remained marginal—averaging just 1.2% over fourteen years, with a peak of only 3% in 2012. This underscores the need for more effective investment strategies. The study identifies four key components of successful urban investment: (1) institutional and legal frameworks, (2) innovative financial instruments, (3) stakeholder collaboration, and (4) data-driven governance. Based on these pillars, it proposes the "Smart Investable City Model" for Tehran. This model aims to increase investment-based financing, enhance financial self-reliance, and promote participatory, transparent development.</span>https://www.judpm.ir/article_238154_0189250fe7a5ea97b0fdf74017b6068c.pdfUniversity of Applied Sciences and Technology of Tehran MunicipalityUrban Development Policy Making3092-653X3120260321Strategic Analysis of Water Recycling and Reuse Using the SWOT–QSPM Model within the Framework of Sustainable GovernanceStrategic Analysis of Water Recycling and Reuse Using the SWOT–QSPM Model within the Framework of Sustainable Governance516723637110.22034/judpm.2025.559246.1074FAHamidehBaseri BaghsiyahPh.D. Student in Water Governance, School of Governance, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran0000-0001-5248-819XOmidAfkhamiResearcher in the field of International Relations and Strategic Management, Tehran, IranMaryamAfkhamiAssistant Professor, Department of Infrastructure Governance, School of Governance, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranJournal Article20250923<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; background: white; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Increasing water stress resulting from population growth, urban development, and climate change has intensified the need to pay greater attention to water recycling and reuse in Tehran. This study employs SWOT and QSPM models, with a focus on the role of the Tehran Municipality, to analyze the internal and external factors influencing water recycling governance. Data was collected through document analysis and expert interviews. The results indicate that Tehran possesses considerable technical and research capacities; however, weaknesses in integrated governance, limited financial resources, and low social acceptance constitute the main barriers to the development of these policies. The QSPM analysis shows that competitive (ST) strategies are the most attractive; in particular, partnerships with the private sector to enhance treatment plant efficiency and attract international financial resources ranked highest. Moreover, the formulation of national standards for reclaimed water quality and the establishment of economic incentives are considered key supportive strategies. Accordingly, strengthening institutional coordination, developing sustainable financial instruments, and enhancing public awareness can facilitate the transition from a purely technical management approach to sustainable and participatory urban water governance.</span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; background: white; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Increasing water stress resulting from population growth, urban development, and climate change has intensified the need to pay greater attention to water recycling and reuse in Tehran. This study employs SWOT and QSPM models, with a focus on the role of the Tehran Municipality, to analyze the internal and external factors influencing water recycling governance. Data was collected through document analysis and expert interviews. The results indicate that Tehran possesses considerable technical and research capacities; however, weaknesses in integrated governance, limited financial resources, and low social acceptance constitute the main barriers to the development of these policies. The QSPM analysis shows that competitive (ST) strategies are the most attractive; in particular, partnerships with the private sector to enhance treatment plant efficiency and attract international financial resources ranked highest. Moreover, the formulation of national standards for reclaimed water quality and the establishment of economic incentives are considered key supportive strategies. Accordingly, strengthening institutional coordination, developing sustainable financial instruments, and enhancing public awareness can facilitate the transition from a purely technical management approach to sustainable and participatory urban water governance.</span>https://www.judpm.ir/article_236371_f974f983f0ae0b2e7195d4e737767fc3.pdfUniversity of Applied Sciences and Technology of Tehran MunicipalityUrban Development Policy Making3092-653X3120270101Urban Water Sustainability through Energy-Free Fog Water Harvesting: A Review of Fog-Collecting SystemsUrban Water Sustainability through Energy-Free Fog Water Harvesting: A Review of Fog-Collecting Systems699423594610.22034/judpm.2025.558718.1073FAMohammadaliAllahrabbi ShiraziPhD Student, School of Energy Engineering and Sustainable Resources, College of Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran0000-0001-6929-8835HosseinYousefiProfessor, School of Energy Engineering and Sustainable Resources, College of Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-6372-5127AmirhosseinFathiAssistant Professor, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Shiraz, Shiraz, IranMehdiBaneshiAssociate Professor, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Shiraz, Shiraz, IranJournal Article20250923<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">This study reviews and analyzes methods for producing freshwater in urban systems, focusing on water harvesting from fog, a method that allows sustainable water supply without consuming energy in the production phase. Using the PRISMA approach, 20 selected studies were selected for the final analysis from 215 studies. The results show that most of the early research focused on collector geometry and was limited to simultaneous consideration of material properties, long-term durability, spatial analysis, and long-term operational data. Recent studies have focused on novel materials, biomimetic design, nanotechnology, and artificial intelligence modeling to increase system efficiency and sustainability. Passive fog collection systems can produce an average of 1.5 to 10 liters per square meter per day of water, and on an urban scale, replacing part of the water consumption can generate significant energy savings. The findings of this study can provide a clear path for future research and show policymakers the possibility of utilizing new capacities for sustainable urban water supply.</span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">This study reviews and analyzes methods for producing freshwater in urban systems, focusing on water harvesting from fog, a method that allows sustainable water supply without consuming energy in the production phase. Using the PRISMA approach, 20 selected studies were selected for the final analysis from 215 studies. The results show that most of the early research focused on collector geometry and was limited to simultaneous consideration of material properties, long-term durability, spatial analysis, and long-term operational data. Recent studies have focused on novel materials, biomimetic design, nanotechnology, and artificial intelligence modeling to increase system efficiency and sustainability. Passive fog collection systems can produce an average of 1.5 to 10 liters per square meter per day of water, and on an urban scale, replacing part of the water consumption can generate significant energy savings. The findings of this study can provide a clear path for future research and show policymakers the possibility of utilizing new capacities for sustainable urban water supply.</span>https://www.judpm.ir/article_235946_e304220a9d621e04c48dec429acb4bc3.pdfUniversity of Applied Sciences and Technology of Tehran MunicipalityUrban Development Policy Making3092-653X3120260321Requirements for implementing participatory governance in urban management; Analysis of the participatory budgeting experience in Tehran MunicipalityRequirements for implementing participatory governance in urban management; Analysis of the participatory budgeting experience in Tehran Municipality9511122883710.22034/judpm.2025.536365.1057FAAliAlaeddiniDirector General of Planning, Budget and Performance Control of Tehran MunicipalityHadiHeidari GharehbolaghPhD in Industrial Engineering, Operations Research and Systems EngineeringJournal Article20250727<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;">Article examines and analyzes the requirements for implementing participatory governance in urban management, with a specific emphasis on the practical experience of the “I am the Mayor” project within Tehran Municipality. Employing an analytical approach based on an extensive review of library resources, scientific articles, and reports on urban and governmental management, this research evaluates global perspectives and experiences in participatory governance and public participation in city administration. The qualitative data analysis relies on logical reasoning, comparative analysis, and textual evidence. Key findings indicate that a fundamental pillar of participatory governance is governmental openness, enabling citizens to actively engage in decision-making processes through transparency, participation, and accountability. Furthermore, successful implementation necessitates a robust two-way communication system between the government and citizens. The acceptance of civic roles by the populace is identified as a crucial requirement for participatory governance. Finally, citizen budgeting, a novel approach in urban management that highlights citizens’ active involvement in resource allocation and financial decision-making, is presented as another vital element of governmental openness. In this context, the “I am the Mayor Project” stands out as a pioneering and unique experience in implementing participatory governance in Tehran. The study’s outcomes are also applicable to cities with political and social backgrounds similar to Tehran. By scrutinizing the project’s successes and challenges, the article proposes solutions for generalizing and enhancing participatory governance processes in urban management.</span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;">Article examines and analyzes the requirements for implementing participatory governance in urban management, with a specific emphasis on the practical experience of the “I am the Mayor” project within Tehran Municipality. Employing an analytical approach based on an extensive review of library resources, scientific articles, and reports on urban and governmental management, this research evaluates global perspectives and experiences in participatory governance and public participation in city administration. The qualitative data analysis relies on logical reasoning, comparative analysis, and textual evidence. Key findings indicate that a fundamental pillar of participatory governance is governmental openness, enabling citizens to actively engage in decision-making processes through transparency, participation, and accountability. Furthermore, successful implementation necessitates a robust two-way communication system between the government and citizens. The acceptance of civic roles by the populace is identified as a crucial requirement for participatory governance. Finally, citizen budgeting, a novel approach in urban management that highlights citizens’ active involvement in resource allocation and financial decision-making, is presented as another vital element of governmental openness. In this context, the “I am the Mayor Project” stands out as a pioneering and unique experience in implementing participatory governance in Tehran. The study’s outcomes are also applicable to cities with political and social backgrounds similar to Tehran. By scrutinizing the project’s successes and challenges, the article proposes solutions for generalizing and enhancing participatory governance processes in urban management.</span>https://www.judpm.ir/article_228837_c94f33adfd90992959b6abc44d3d794c.pdfUniversity of Applied Sciences and Technology of Tehran MunicipalityUrban Development Policy Making3092-653X3120260331The Concentration Trap and Tehran’s Water Crisis: Impact of Socio-Economic Agglomeration and Population Growth on the Instability of Urban Drinking Water ResourcesThe Concentration Trap and Tehran’s Water Crisis: Impact of Socio-Economic Agglomeration and Population Growth on the Instability of Urban Drinking Water Resources11313323815610.22034/judpm.2025.545869.1061FAMajidSayyariSenior Water Resources ExpertJournal Article20250724<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;">This paper addresses the critical challenges of water scarcity in the Iranian capital. Unlike many global metropolises, Tehran was not originally established in proximity to sufficient water resources. The excessive concentration of socio-economic, cultural, and political activities has been the primary driver of rapid population growth and uncontrolled urban sprawl, placing local water supplies under severe stress. Consequently, Tehran has evolved into a city chronically dependent on inter-basin water transfers. This study demonstrates that centralization and unchecked population growth are the paramount factors exacerbating the water crisis. Despite a provincial population exceeding 14 million (approximately 9 million within the city), the province's water carrying capacity is estimated at only 2.5 million people. This demographic overburden has resulted in Tehran—hosting 11% of the national population—consuming nearly 17% of the country’s total urban water. Rather than advocating for supply-side expansion, this article emphasizes consumption management, demand-side strategies, and efficiency enhancement. The proposed strategies include halting new developmental loads, reducing existing pressures, managing demand drivers, and improving water use efficiency. Ultimately, the paper concludes that Tehran's water crisis is a national challenge requiring a decisive national commitment. Decentralization and population relocation are proposed as the fundamental long-term solutions to the capital's water insecurity</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;">.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;">This paper addresses the critical challenges of water scarcity in the Iranian capital. Unlike many global metropolises, Tehran was not originally established in proximity to sufficient water resources. The excessive concentration of socio-economic, cultural, and political activities has been the primary driver of rapid population growth and uncontrolled urban sprawl, placing local water supplies under severe stress. Consequently, Tehran has evolved into a city chronically dependent on inter-basin water transfers. This study demonstrates that centralization and unchecked population growth are the paramount factors exacerbating the water crisis. Despite a provincial population exceeding 14 million (approximately 9 million within the city), the province's water carrying capacity is estimated at only 2.5 million people. This demographic overburden has resulted in Tehran—hosting 11% of the national population—consuming nearly 17% of the country’s total urban water. Rather than advocating for supply-side expansion, this article emphasizes consumption management, demand-side strategies, and efficiency enhancement. The proposed strategies include halting new developmental loads, reducing existing pressures, managing demand drivers, and improving water use efficiency. Ultimately, the paper concludes that Tehran's water crisis is a national challenge requiring a decisive national commitment. Decentralization and population relocation are proposed as the fundamental long-term solutions to the capital's water insecurity</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;">.</span>https://www.judpm.ir/article_238156_1eaefee7e6dc3d1de64f4667a3053fe8.pdfUniversity of Applied Sciences and Technology of Tehran MunicipalityUrban Development Policy Making3092-653X3120270101Bararies of Investment Attractiveness in Tehran Megacity with a Comparative ApproachBararies of Investment Attractiveness in Tehran Megacity with a Comparative Approach13515723605210.22034/judpm.2025.553514.1069FAMahmoudOlad Ghareh GhouzUrban Economics Researcher, PhD in Economics, Tehran, Iran0000-0003-3808-1021AmirhosseinAzimpourPhD Student in Urban Planning, Faculty of Urban Planning, College of Fine Arts, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran0009-0009-3048-0766Journal Article20250729<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Mitra'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;">This study compares the investment attractiveness of Tehran metropolis with leading global capitals and analyzes the main barriers at the structural, economic, institutional, environmental, and political levels using international data. The results show that Tehran, despite its potential capacities, faces a serious gap in investment attraction and competitiveness due to the deterioration of infrastructure, economic instability, regulatory complexity, environmental problems, and sanctions. The construction-oriented approach and the heavy dependence of urban income on fees have made development unproductive and unbalanced. The DEMATEL method was used to measure the causal relationships between barriers. The findings show that structural barriers are the most effective and economic and institutional barriers are the most effective factors. Also, “ignoring environmental sustainability” and “sanctions” were identified as causal factors and “low quality of life” as the most important consequence. These results highlight the need to shift from a short-term revenue-generating approach to productive investment and institutional reforms to enhance sustainability and investment attractiveness in Tehran.</span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Mitra'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;">This study compares the investment attractiveness of Tehran metropolis with leading global capitals and analyzes the main barriers at the structural, economic, institutional, environmental, and political levels using international data. The results show that Tehran, despite its potential capacities, faces a serious gap in investment attraction and competitiveness due to the deterioration of infrastructure, economic instability, regulatory complexity, environmental problems, and sanctions. The construction-oriented approach and the heavy dependence of urban income on fees have made development unproductive and unbalanced. The DEMATEL method was used to measure the causal relationships between barriers. The findings show that structural barriers are the most effective and economic and institutional barriers are the most effective factors. Also, “ignoring environmental sustainability” and “sanctions” were identified as causal factors and “low quality of life” as the most important consequence. These results highlight the need to shift from a short-term revenue-generating approach to productive investment and institutional reforms to enhance sustainability and investment attractiveness in Tehran.</span>https://www.judpm.ir/article_236052_5e91f25817f655540c1d172efd756ae1.pdfUniversity of Applied Sciences and Technology of Tehran MunicipalityUrban Development Policy Making3092-653X3120270101Strategic analysis of the role of municipalities in water resources managementStrategic analysis of the role of municipalities in water resources management15917223594210.22034/judpm.2025.557111.1072FAMonaMasoudi AshtianiDepartment of Civil Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranHamidKardan MoghaddamAssistant Professor, Water Research Institute, Ministry of Energy, Tehran, IranJournal Article20250729<span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Angsana New'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">This study aims to strategically analyze the position and role of municipalities in urban water resources management and achieving sustainable development.</span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Angsana New'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Angsana New'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">In this study, the framework of laws and regulations related to water resources management, including urban planning laws, green space, pollution control, and efficient consumption regulations, was first examined.</span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Angsana New'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Angsana New'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Then, the proposed policies and measures were analyzed in four main areas, including urban development, climate-friendly design and architecture, zoning policies, and intersectoral cooperation.</span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Angsana New'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Angsana New'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">In the next step, the capacities of municipalities in the field of water consumption management, advertising and culture building, financial instruments, and participatory mechanisms were described.</span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Angsana New'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Angsana New'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">A comparative assessment of international experiences from countries such as Japan, South Korea, China, Australia, and Brazil showed that the most successful models are a combination of transparent governance, smart technology, green infrastructure, and public participation.</span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Angsana New'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Angsana New'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">The results of the study indicate that the urban water crisis in Iran is caused by weak multi-level governance, deteriorating infrastructure, and a lack of a culture of sustainable consumption. Municipalities can become the main axis of the transition to sustainable urban water resources management by reforming urban development policies, implementing land use regulations based on water indicators, integrating monitoring systems, and redesigning the financial model.</span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Angsana New'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Angsana New'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">The study ultimately proposes a three-stage implementation framework (short-term, medium-term, long-term) for Iranian cities that is designed based on data-driven governance, intergenerational planning, and climate resilience.</span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Angsana New'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">This study aims to strategically analyze the position and role of municipalities in urban water resources management and achieving sustainable development.</span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Angsana New'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Angsana New'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">In this study, the framework of laws and regulations related to water resources management, including urban planning laws, green space, pollution control, and efficient consumption regulations, was first examined.</span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Angsana New'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Angsana New'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Then, the proposed policies and measures were analyzed in four main areas, including urban development, climate-friendly design and architecture, zoning policies, and intersectoral cooperation.</span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Angsana New'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Angsana New'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">In the next step, the capacities of municipalities in the field of water consumption management, advertising and culture building, financial instruments, and participatory mechanisms were described.</span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Angsana New'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Angsana New'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">A comparative assessment of international experiences from countries such as Japan, South Korea, China, Australia, and Brazil showed that the most successful models are a combination of transparent governance, smart technology, green infrastructure, and public participation.</span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Angsana New'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Angsana New'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">The results of the study indicate that the urban water crisis in Iran is caused by weak multi-level governance, deteriorating infrastructure, and a lack of a culture of sustainable consumption. Municipalities can become the main axis of the transition to sustainable urban water resources management by reforming urban development policies, implementing land use regulations based on water indicators, integrating monitoring systems, and redesigning the financial model.</span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Angsana New'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Angsana New'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">The study ultimately proposes a three-stage implementation framework (short-term, medium-term, long-term) for Iranian cities that is designed based on data-driven governance, intergenerational planning, and climate resilience.</span>https://www.judpm.ir/article_235942_185c0e7e0aca175fc98b0580640abde9.pdfUniversity of Applied Sciences and Technology of Tehran MunicipalityUrban Development Policy Making3092-653X3120260331Analyzing the Implementation Barriers to Attracting Investment In Urban Management Projects (Case Study Of Tehran Municipality)Analyzing the Implementation Barriers to Attracting Investment In Urban Management Projects (Case Study Of Tehran Municipality)17318623879510.22034/judpm.2026.549006.1065FANavidKhasehbafPhD Student of Industrial Management Department, Islamic Azad University, North of Tehran BranchAliAnsariMaster of Economic Management, Investment and Public Participation Organization Of Tehran MunicipalityAmirGolabzaeiPhD in Industrial Engineering, Affiliated Faculty, Azad University, North of Tehran BranchJournal Article20250729<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Angsana New'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Attracting investment in urban management projects is a fundamental pillar of sustainable development and improving the quality of life in megacities. Focusing on the experience of Tehran Municipality and applying the Public–Private Partnership (PPP) approach, this study identifies and analyzes the key implementation barriers to investment attraction. Data were collected through the review of official documents, bylaws, internal reports, and previous studies, and were categorized using thematic analysis into four main dimensions. The findings indicate that the most critical barriers include the absence of a comprehensive legal framework for PPP, institutional fragmentation and the lack of a central coordinating body, limited use of innovative financing instruments and overreliance on traditional methods, as well as weak public trust and negative attitudes toward private sector participation. A comparison with the World Bank’s PPP Reference Guide shows that the majority of challenges stem from institutional and legal gaps relative to international standards. Accordingly, policy recommendations include legal and institutional reforms, the establishment of an independent PPP authority, the development of innovative financial instruments such as Islamic finance, and the enhancement of transparency and public trust to strengthen the system of investment attraction. By combining local experiences from Tehran Municipality with international theoretical frameworks, this article proposes practical and policy-oriented pathways for improving the investment process in urban management in Iran.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Angsana New'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Attracting investment in urban management projects is a fundamental pillar of sustainable development and improving the quality of life in megacities. Focusing on the experience of Tehran Municipality and applying the Public–Private Partnership (PPP) approach, this study identifies and analyzes the key implementation barriers to investment attraction. Data were collected through the review of official documents, bylaws, internal reports, and previous studies, and were categorized using thematic analysis into four main dimensions. The findings indicate that the most critical barriers include the absence of a comprehensive legal framework for PPP, institutional fragmentation and the lack of a central coordinating body, limited use of innovative financing instruments and overreliance on traditional methods, as well as weak public trust and negative attitudes toward private sector participation. A comparison with the World Bank’s PPP Reference Guide shows that the majority of challenges stem from institutional and legal gaps relative to international standards. Accordingly, policy recommendations include legal and institutional reforms, the establishment of an independent PPP authority, the development of innovative financial instruments such as Islamic finance, and the enhancement of transparency and public trust to strengthen the system of investment attraction. By combining local experiences from Tehran Municipality with international theoretical frameworks, this article proposes practical and policy-oriented pathways for improving the investment process in urban management in Iran.</span>https://www.judpm.ir/article_238795_c1bd49f26da50446af2aae749fdf5b1c.pdf