University of Applied Sciences and Technology of Tehran MunicipalityUrban Development Policy Making3092-653X2420250911Assessment of Urban Waste Policies and Disposal Practices and Their Impacts on Urban Ecosystem and Public HealthAssessment of Urban Waste Policies and Disposal Practices and Their Impacts on Urban Ecosystem and Public Health40742222151310.22034/judpm.2025.520111.1038FAShayestehEbrahimi ZakerSchool of Energy Engineering and Sustainable Resources, College of Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran0009-0007-1117-9957HamidrezaEsmaeilinejadDepartment of mechanical and energy engineering, Shahid Beheshti university, A.C. Tehran, IranNeginMirzaeiSchool of Energy Engineering and Sustainable Resources, College of Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran0000-0001-7840-779XJournal Article20250404Municipal solid waste management (MSWM) poses significant environmental challenges in large metropolitan areas such as Tehran. This study aims to systematically assess the environmental impacts of various waste treatment scenarios using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology and the SimaPro software. Four commonly implemented strategies-sanitary landfill, recycling, composting, and incineration-were evaluated based on midpoint indicators (global warming, acidification, human toxicity, particulate matter formation, and resource depletion) and endpoint indicators (damage to human health, ecosystems, and economic resources). The results indicate that landfill operations and related transportation activities exert the highest environmental burdens across all assessed impact categories. Conversely, recycling and anaerobic digestion emerged as more environmentally sustainable alternatives with significant potential to mitigate adverse impacts. The findings highlight the critical need to reform the current waste management system in Tehran through source separation, deployment of advanced waste processing technologies, and increased energy efficiency in waste transport. This research provides a robust scientific basis to inform strategic policymaking and enhance the environmental performance of urban waste management systems.Municipal solid waste management (MSWM) poses significant environmental challenges in large metropolitan areas such as Tehran. This study aims to systematically assess the environmental impacts of various waste treatment scenarios using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology and the SimaPro software. Four commonly implemented strategies-sanitary landfill, recycling, composting, and incineration-were evaluated based on midpoint indicators (global warming, acidification, human toxicity, particulate matter formation, and resource depletion) and endpoint indicators (damage to human health, ecosystems, and economic resources). The results indicate that landfill operations and related transportation activities exert the highest environmental burdens across all assessed impact categories. Conversely, recycling and anaerobic digestion emerged as more environmentally sustainable alternatives with significant potential to mitigate adverse impacts. The findings highlight the critical need to reform the current waste management system in Tehran through source separation, deployment of advanced waste processing technologies, and increased energy efficiency in waste transport. This research provides a robust scientific basis to inform strategic policymaking and enhance the environmental performance of urban waste management systems.https://www.judpm.ir/article_221513_162bb12df6d67c576e4674b4e022a0e5.pdfUniversity of Applied Sciences and Technology of Tehran MunicipalityUrban Development Policy Making3092-653X2420250911Nanomaterials in Zero Energy Buildings: A Comprehensive Review of Achievements, Policy Making, and Urban PerspectivesNanomaterials in Zero Energy Buildings: A Comprehensive Review of Achievements, Policy Making, and Urban Perspectives42344422151210.22034/judpm.2025.521744.1041FAAliYousefi RoshanPhD Student, Department of Renewable Energy Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, IranMahdiGandomzadehPhD Student, Department of Renewable Energy Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran0000-0001-6177-8340YazdanAlvariPhD Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, IranAslanGholamiAssistant Professor, Department of Renewable Energy Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran0000-0001-7872-834XMajidZandiAssociate Professor, Department of Renewable Energy Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20250401Buildings contribute to 40% of the world's energy consumption and 30% of greenhouse gas emissions. Zero-energy buildings are used to reduce energy consumption, fossil fuel consumption and environmental impacts. In this analytical study, data was extracted from reliable databases and sources. 28,090 patents were filed between 1995 and 2024 in the field of nanotechnology applications in zero-energy buildings, with the United States, Europe, China and India leading the way in this field. The study aims to determine the effectiveness of nanotechnology in zero-energy buildings and environmental impacts. Nanomaterials in smart windows are used to regulate light levels, self-cleaning, hydrophobicity and energy consumption. Smart windows reduce cooling energy consumption by 36.9% and lighting energy consumption by 54.5%. Nanomaterials and phase-change materials contribute to thermal comfort by storing and releasing heat in building components during the day. Nanomaterials in building materials lead to a 40% increase in strength, a 35% increase in useful life, and a 20% decrease in energy consumption in the construction process, and these materials harm human health by entering the food chain and becoming toxic. Green synthesis, environmentally friendly nanoparticles, and recycling of nanomaterials play a role in reducing environmental impacts. Green nanoparticle synthesis effectively reduces energy consumption by 30%, production costs by 40%, and production efficiency by 50%. Municipalities, the government, industry, and universities contribute to sustainable urban development and confronting the energy and climate crisis in Iran through financial incentives, the development of laws and standards, and the establishment of nanotechnology observatories in construction projects.Buildings contribute to 40% of the world's energy consumption and 30% of greenhouse gas emissions. Zero-energy buildings are used to reduce energy consumption, fossil fuel consumption and environmental impacts. In this analytical study, data was extracted from reliable databases and sources. 28,090 patents were filed between 1995 and 2024 in the field of nanotechnology applications in zero-energy buildings, with the United States, Europe, China and India leading the way in this field. The study aims to determine the effectiveness of nanotechnology in zero-energy buildings and environmental impacts. Nanomaterials in smart windows are used to regulate light levels, self-cleaning, hydrophobicity and energy consumption. Smart windows reduce cooling energy consumption by 36.9% and lighting energy consumption by 54.5%. Nanomaterials and phase-change materials contribute to thermal comfort by storing and releasing heat in building components during the day. Nanomaterials in building materials lead to a 40% increase in strength, a 35% increase in useful life, and a 20% decrease in energy consumption in the construction process, and these materials harm human health by entering the food chain and becoming toxic. Green synthesis, environmentally friendly nanoparticles, and recycling of nanomaterials play a role in reducing environmental impacts. Green nanoparticle synthesis effectively reduces energy consumption by 30%, production costs by 40%, and production efficiency by 50%. Municipalities, the government, industry, and universities contribute to sustainable urban development and confronting the energy and climate crisis in Iran through financial incentives, the development of laws and standards, and the establishment of nanotechnology observatories in construction projects.https://www.judpm.ir/article_221512_5c4169cc3cf8cd16c56af1276c2ce662.pdfUniversity of Applied Sciences and Technology of Tehran MunicipalityUrban Development Policy Making3092-653X2420250911Strategies for Promoting Citizen Participation and Investment in Tehran's Urban Management: Examining Obstacles, Opportunities, and Successful ExperiencesStrategies for Promoting Citizen Participation and Investment in Tehran's Urban Management: Examining Obstacles, Opportunities, and Successful Experiences44546422705010.22034/judpm.2025.531727.1051FAAliHayatniaPhD in Economics, Researcher in Urban and Regional EconomicsNafiseh SadatMirnezamiPhD researcher in International Economics, Shiraz UniversityJournal Article20250601In recent years, urban management—especially in the metropolis of Tehran—has encountered numerous challenges, including reduced financial resources, rising citizen dissatisfaction, and weaknesses in effectively fostering public participation. This article has been prepared with the aim of examining the main barriers, identifying relevant opportunities, and offering appropriate solutions for enhancing citizen engagement and attracting greater investment in Tehran’s urban governance. The research method is qualitative and descriptive-analytical in nature, and the required data were collected through the review of relevant documents, comparative urban studies, and the analysis of successful experiences in similar cities around the world. The findings of this study indicate that a lack of transparency, inefficiency in communication structures with citizens, and the absence of proper economic incentives are among the most significant and recurring obstacles. On the other hand, the broad potential of modern technologies, global experiences in participatory budgeting, and investors’ growing interest in infrastructure-related projects have been identified as key opportunities.In recent years, urban management—especially in the metropolis of Tehran—has encountered numerous challenges, including reduced financial resources, rising citizen dissatisfaction, and weaknesses in effectively fostering public participation. This article has been prepared with the aim of examining the main barriers, identifying relevant opportunities, and offering appropriate solutions for enhancing citizen engagement and attracting greater investment in Tehran’s urban governance. The research method is qualitative and descriptive-analytical in nature, and the required data were collected through the review of relevant documents, comparative urban studies, and the analysis of successful experiences in similar cities around the world. The findings of this study indicate that a lack of transparency, inefficiency in communication structures with citizens, and the absence of proper economic incentives are among the most significant and recurring obstacles. On the other hand, the broad potential of modern technologies, global experiences in participatory budgeting, and investors’ growing interest in infrastructure-related projects have been identified as key opportunities.https://www.judpm.ir/article_227050_c40e1ae2b81be5a0338715292f1cbf89.pdfUniversity of Applied Sciences and Technology of Tehran MunicipalityUrban Development Policy Making3092-653X2420250911A Model for Choosing Electronic Document Management System in Order to Create a Knowledge-Based OrganizationA Model for Choosing Electronic Document Management System in Order to Create a Knowledge-Based Organization46547422660310.22034/judpm.2025.535104.1053FAHadiAlinia GardroudbariPh.D. Student, School of Energy Engineering and Sustainable Resources, College of Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranSeyed MostafaGhazizadeh HashemiDean of the University of Transportation and Traffic of Tehran Municipality, Tehran, IranSeyed MahmoodEmadiM.Sc. in Industrial Engineering (Systems and Productivity), Planning and Maintenance Manager for Track and Infrastructure, Tehran Urban and Suburban Railway Operation Company (Tehran Metro)SomayehManafiPh.D. in Urban Planning and Researcher in Urban Management, Tehran, IranNeginMirzaeiPh.D. Student, School of Energy Engineering and Sustainable Resources, College of Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran0000-0001-7840-779XMobinaKalantariM.Sc. Student, School of Energy Engineering and Sustainable Resources, College of Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranJournal Article20250410In today’s knowledge-driven landscape, documentation of organizational knowledge plays a pivotal role in the development of knowledge-based organizations. As knowledge management gains prominence, selecting an appropriate Electronic Document Management System (EDMS) has become a strategic concern for organizations seeking to store, retrieve, and utilize institutional knowledge efficiently. This study aims to develop an effective framework for prioritizing and selecting a suitable EDMS for organizational knowledge documentation. To this end, a Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) approach was adopted, combining the Delphi method for criteria and alternative identification with the Analytic Network Process (ANP) for weighting and prioritization. The novelty of this research lies in the integration of the Delphi technique with ANP in evaluating EDMS options under interdependent criteria. Previous studies often lacked a structured and operational model that considered interrelationships among selection criteria, which this study addresses. The Tehran Urban and Suburban Railway Operation Company (Metro) was selected as the case study. Based on expert input, relevant evaluation criteria and alternative EDMS platforms were identified. Pairwise comparisons and network modeling were conducted using Super Decisions software. The results indicated that the Segalsun system, due to its technical and domain-specific capabilities, particularly in managing engineering and specialized documents, ranked highest among the alternatives. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis confirmed the stability of the prioritization outcomes under varying criteria weights. The proposed model not only provides a step-by-step procedure for EDMS selection in technical organizations but also demonstrates high reliability and applicability for similar entities aiming to align document management with strategic knowledge management goals.In today’s knowledge-driven landscape, documentation of organizational knowledge plays a pivotal role in the development of knowledge-based organizations. As knowledge management gains prominence, selecting an appropriate Electronic Document Management System (EDMS) has become a strategic concern for organizations seeking to store, retrieve, and utilize institutional knowledge efficiently. This study aims to develop an effective framework for prioritizing and selecting a suitable EDMS for organizational knowledge documentation. To this end, a Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) approach was adopted, combining the Delphi method for criteria and alternative identification with the Analytic Network Process (ANP) for weighting and prioritization. The novelty of this research lies in the integration of the Delphi technique with ANP in evaluating EDMS options under interdependent criteria. Previous studies often lacked a structured and operational model that considered interrelationships among selection criteria, which this study addresses. The Tehran Urban and Suburban Railway Operation Company (Metro) was selected as the case study. Based on expert input, relevant evaluation criteria and alternative EDMS platforms were identified. Pairwise comparisons and network modeling were conducted using Super Decisions software. The results indicated that the Segalsun system, due to its technical and domain-specific capabilities, particularly in managing engineering and specialized documents, ranked highest among the alternatives. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis confirmed the stability of the prioritization outcomes under varying criteria weights. The proposed model not only provides a step-by-step procedure for EDMS selection in technical organizations but also demonstrates high reliability and applicability for similar entities aiming to align document management with strategic knowledge management goals.https://www.judpm.ir/article_226603_4fd011a847b38e4a7c259d221da7ae2d.pdfUniversity of Applied Sciences and Technology of Tehran MunicipalityUrban Development Policy Making3092-653X2420250911Review of international policies and experiences in the multi-purpose utilization of urban underground spaces with a security-enhancement approachReview of international policies and experiences in the multi-purpose utilization of urban underground spaces with a security-enhancement approach47549022710110.22034/judpm.2025.533304.1054FAMojtabaAraghizadehPh.D of passive defense strategic management, supreme national defense university, TehranJournal Article20250410This research aims to explore and introduce selected international experiences in the multi-purpose utilization of urban subsurface spaces as shelters or secure areas with alternative functions, and to derive operational strategies applicable to Tehran. Framed as an applied study, the research adopts a review-based approach to analyze global precedents, with the goal of developing a structured model for their contextual adaptation in Iran. Case studies from the United Kingdom, Russia, Ukraine, and Israel were examined, chosen both for the availability of essential data and for their relative similarity to Tehran’s current urban and security conditions. Findings highlight that metro stations, due to their centrality in citizens’ daily routines and their associated sense of familiarity and psychological attachment, have historically been the most widely utilized civilian shelters during wars and bombardments. Despite Tehran’s extensive infrastructure—comprising approximately 160 metro stations, multi-story parking structures, underground commercial complexes, and tunnels—the city has so far lacked a clear framework for the multi-purpose use of these spaces in wartime, primarily due to the long absence of direct hard-security threats. However, in the aftermath of the significant experience of the 12-day imposed war led jointly by Israel and the United States against Iran, an urgent need has emerged to adopt an operational and intelligent approach for preparing these spaces to serve as civilian shelters in the event of future attacks. The study concludes by proposing a seven-stage process for transforming Tehran’s metro stations into functional shelters, offering a practical roadmap for enhancing urban resilience and crisis preparedness.This research aims to explore and introduce selected international experiences in the multi-purpose utilization of urban subsurface spaces as shelters or secure areas with alternative functions, and to derive operational strategies applicable to Tehran. Framed as an applied study, the research adopts a review-based approach to analyze global precedents, with the goal of developing a structured model for their contextual adaptation in Iran. Case studies from the United Kingdom, Russia, Ukraine, and Israel were examined, chosen both for the availability of essential data and for their relative similarity to Tehran’s current urban and security conditions. Findings highlight that metro stations, due to their centrality in citizens’ daily routines and their associated sense of familiarity and psychological attachment, have historically been the most widely utilized civilian shelters during wars and bombardments. Despite Tehran’s extensive infrastructure—comprising approximately 160 metro stations, multi-story parking structures, underground commercial complexes, and tunnels—the city has so far lacked a clear framework for the multi-purpose use of these spaces in wartime, primarily due to the long absence of direct hard-security threats. However, in the aftermath of the significant experience of the 12-day imposed war led jointly by Israel and the United States against Iran, an urgent need has emerged to adopt an operational and intelligent approach for preparing these spaces to serve as civilian shelters in the event of future attacks. The study concludes by proposing a seven-stage process for transforming Tehran’s metro stations into functional shelters, offering a practical roadmap for enhancing urban resilience and crisis preparedness.https://www.judpm.ir/article_227101_425064fd36b572ae1cc755e3cf7dccf6.pdfUniversity of Applied Sciences and Technology of Tehran MunicipalityUrban Development Policy Making3092-653X2420250911Investigating of Policies of the Use of Tehran Metro Stations Capacity as Emergency Shelters with a Crowd Management ApproachInvestigating of Policies of the Use of Tehran Metro Stations Capacity as Emergency Shelters with a Crowd Management Approach49150922708610.22034/judpm.2025.535569.1055FASolmazArzhangiPh.D, Department of landscape architecture and reconstruction, faculty of architecture and urban planning, Shahid Beheshti University (SBU), Tehran, IranMasoudNaddafanHead of Tehran Municipality Institute of Applied Science and University Lecturer, Tehran, IranJournal Article20250405Due to its underground location and robust structure, the metro has a high capacity to become a safe shelter in critical situations such as military attacks or natural disasters. However, the effective exploitation of this potential has faced several challenges, including difficulties in managing crowding, lack of health facilities, and safety restrictions. On the other hand, the metro, as one of the main pillars of the public transportation system in a metropolis like Tehran, plays a vital role in reducing traffic congestion and facilitating the movement of citizens. However, this same important function can become a threatening factor in times of crisis and with an unexpected increase in the number of individuals; because severe congestion in stations not only jeopardizes the safety of these spaces, but also significantly increases the likelihood of unfortunate accidents due to crowding. Focusing on the feasibility of using Tehran metro stations as emergency shelters with a crowd management approach, this research seeks to assess existing capacities and provide practical solutions to optimize metro performance in crisis situations. The main research questions include examining the structural and operational readiness of stations, identifying crowd management challenges, and providing solutions to improve safety and efficiency. The innovation of the research lies in combining passive defense analysis with intelligent crowd management and applying the DIM-ICE analytical method to assess crowding challenges. The findings of this study can help urban policymakers in planning to improve metro safety and reduce the risks of crowding in crisis situations.Due to its underground location and robust structure, the metro has a high capacity to become a safe shelter in critical situations such as military attacks or natural disasters. However, the effective exploitation of this potential has faced several challenges, including difficulties in managing crowding, lack of health facilities, and safety restrictions. On the other hand, the metro, as one of the main pillars of the public transportation system in a metropolis like Tehran, plays a vital role in reducing traffic congestion and facilitating the movement of citizens. However, this same important function can become a threatening factor in times of crisis and with an unexpected increase in the number of individuals; because severe congestion in stations not only jeopardizes the safety of these spaces, but also significantly increases the likelihood of unfortunate accidents due to crowding. Focusing on the feasibility of using Tehran metro stations as emergency shelters with a crowd management approach, this research seeks to assess existing capacities and provide practical solutions to optimize metro performance in crisis situations. The main research questions include examining the structural and operational readiness of stations, identifying crowd management challenges, and providing solutions to improve safety and efficiency. The innovation of the research lies in combining passive defense analysis with intelligent crowd management and applying the DIM-ICE analytical method to assess crowding challenges. The findings of this study can help urban policymakers in planning to improve metro safety and reduce the risks of crowding in crisis situations.https://www.judpm.ir/article_227086_6b4cdf4f99218cd9615e368f6823191c.pdfUniversity of Applied Sciences and Technology of Tehran MunicipalityUrban Development Policy Making3092-653X2420250911Fire Safety Management and Strategies for Its Improvement in Tehran Metropolis: A Study on Structural, Operational, and Socio-Cultural ChallengesFire Safety Management and Strategies for Its Improvement in Tehran Metropolis: A Study on Structural, Operational, and Socio-Cultural Challenges51152522492410.22034/judpm.2025.517687.1034FAGHodrat AllahMohammadiPhD in Environmental Science, Tehran Metropolitan Fire Department and Safety Services Organization, Tehran, IranKamranAbdevaliPhD in Environmental Science, Tehran Metropolitan Fire Department and Safety Services Organization, Tehran, IranVahidBahramiPhD in Architectural Engineering, Senior Expert, Deputy of Prevention, Tehran Metropolitan Fire Department and Safety Services Organization, Tehran, IranJournal Article20250605This research aims to analyze the structural, functional, and socio-cultural challenges in fire safety management within the metropolis of Tehran and to propose strategies for its enhancement, drawing upon empirical evidence and qualitative analysis. Given the critical role of fire safety in urban sustainability and the protection of citizens' lives and property, this study investigates existing obstacles by focusing on three key dimensions: structurally, the necessity for infrastructure improvement and the imbalanced growth of urbanization; functionally, the need for modernization in equipment, processes, and inter-organizational coordination; and socio-culturally, the imperative to raise public awareness and citizen participation in adhering to safety principles. The findings indicate that these challenges systematically affect the efficiency of fire safety management in Tehran. In response to these impediments, three categories of strategies are proposed: (1) preventive strategies, including the revision of regulations, improvement of inspection systems, and promotion of a safety culture; (2) reactive and resilient strategies, such as strengthening the operational capabilities of relevant organizations and developing rescue and relief infrastructure; and (3) institutional-managerial strategies, such as establishing a central authority responsible for safety, efficient resource allocation, and promoting integrated governance. The effective implementation of these strategies necessitates the active participation of all stakeholders and the formulation of synergistic policies to enhance urban resilience against fire incidents.This research aims to analyze the structural, functional, and socio-cultural challenges in fire safety management within the metropolis of Tehran and to propose strategies for its enhancement, drawing upon empirical evidence and qualitative analysis. Given the critical role of fire safety in urban sustainability and the protection of citizens' lives and property, this study investigates existing obstacles by focusing on three key dimensions: structurally, the necessity for infrastructure improvement and the imbalanced growth of urbanization; functionally, the need for modernization in equipment, processes, and inter-organizational coordination; and socio-culturally, the imperative to raise public awareness and citizen participation in adhering to safety principles. The findings indicate that these challenges systematically affect the efficiency of fire safety management in Tehran. In response to these impediments, three categories of strategies are proposed: (1) preventive strategies, including the revision of regulations, improvement of inspection systems, and promotion of a safety culture; (2) reactive and resilient strategies, such as strengthening the operational capabilities of relevant organizations and developing rescue and relief infrastructure; and (3) institutional-managerial strategies, such as establishing a central authority responsible for safety, efficient resource allocation, and promoting integrated governance. The effective implementation of these strategies necessitates the active participation of all stakeholders and the formulation of synergistic policies to enhance urban resilience against fire incidents.https://www.judpm.ir/article_224924_4864a69da3db617d9cdcb2f2d06ba311.pdf