University of Applied Sciences and Technology of Tehran Municipality Urban Development Policy Making 3092-653X 3 1 2027 01 01 Urban Water Sustainability through Energy-Free Fog Water Harvesting: A Review of Fog-Collecting Systems Urban Water Sustainability through Energy-Free Fog Water Harvesting: A Review of Fog-Collecting Systems 69 94 235946 10.22034/judpm.2025.558718.1073 FA Mohammadali Allahrabbi Shirazi PhD Student, School of Energy Engineering and Sustainable Resources, College of Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran 0000-0001-6929-8835 Hossein Yousefi Professor, School of Energy Engineering and Sustainable Resources, College of Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-6372-5127 Amirhossein Fathi Assistant Professor, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Shiraz, Shiraz, Iran Mehdi Baneshi Associate Professor, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Shiraz, Shiraz, Iran Journal Article 2025 09 23 <span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">This study reviews and analyzes methods for producing freshwater in urban systems, focusing on water harvesting from fog, a method that allows sustainable water supply without consuming energy in the production phase. Using the PRISMA approach, 20 selected studies were selected for the final analysis from 215 studies. The results show that most of the early research focused on collector geometry and was limited to simultaneous consideration of material properties, long-term durability, spatial analysis, and long-term operational data. Recent studies have focused on novel materials, biomimetic design, nanotechnology, and artificial intelligence modeling to increase system efficiency and sustainability. Passive fog collection systems can produce an average of 1.5 to 10 liters per square meter per day of water, and on an urban scale, replacing part of the water consumption can generate significant energy savings. The findings of this study can provide a clear path for future research and show policymakers the possibility of utilizing new capacities for sustainable urban water supply.</span> <span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">This study reviews and analyzes methods for producing freshwater in urban systems, focusing on water harvesting from fog, a method that allows sustainable water supply without consuming energy in the production phase. Using the PRISMA approach, 20 selected studies were selected for the final analysis from 215 studies. The results show that most of the early research focused on collector geometry and was limited to simultaneous consideration of material properties, long-term durability, spatial analysis, and long-term operational data. Recent studies have focused on novel materials, biomimetic design, nanotechnology, and artificial intelligence modeling to increase system efficiency and sustainability. Passive fog collection systems can produce an average of 1.5 to 10 liters per square meter per day of water, and on an urban scale, replacing part of the water consumption can generate significant energy savings. The findings of this study can provide a clear path for future research and show policymakers the possibility of utilizing new capacities for sustainable urban water supply.</span> https://www.judpm.ir/article_235946_e304220a9d621e04c48dec429acb4bc3.pdf