University of Applied Sciences and Technology of Tehran Municipality Urban Development Policy Making 3092-653X 3 1 2027 01 01 Feasibility Study of Reusing Urban Runoff and Treated Municipal Wastewater for Irrigation of Urban Spaces in Tehran Feasibility Study of Reusing Urban Runoff and Treated Municipal Wastewater for Irrigation of Urban Spaces in Tehran 19 32 235945 10.22034/judpm.2025.554520.1070 FA Zohreh Hesami Ph.D. Graduate, School of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Iran Seyed Alireza Taheri Riabi M.Sc Graduate, School of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Iran Javad Yahaghi Ph.D. Candidate, School of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2025 07 28 <span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;">Given the population growth and the increasing demand for water, driven by factors such as climate change and evolving consumption patterns, efforts have shifted towards the utilization of unconventional water resources. In this context, the Municipality of Tehran has initiated a project aimed at supplying the water required for irrigating green spaces from surface runoff and treated municipal wastewater. In the present study, the water demand for both urban and peri-urban green spaces in Tehran was first calculated. Subsequently, the potential for utilizing effluent from municipal wastewater treatment plants and runoff flowing through urban channels as an alternative to groundwater resources for irrigating green spaces was examined, taking into account both quantitative (flow rate) and qualitative (effluent analysis) characteristics. Based on the research findings, the Municipality of Tehran can proactively reduce raw water consumption for urban green space irrigation from 73% to 32% over a ten-year period by designing and implementing a comprehensive project for the treatment and reuse of urban runoff and treated municipal wastewater, while increasing the share of runoff and treated wastewater usage from approximately 15.6% to 64%. Furthermore, to further reduce water consumption, methods for aquifer recharge using runoff can be employed for more efficient utilization, along with modifying urban green space development patterns to decrease water demand as additional strategies for water conservation. Ultimately, this initiative has the potential to play a pivotal role in replenishing groundwater resources, thereby providing a more sustainable future for water supply in the city of Tehran.</span> <span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin'; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;">Given the population growth and the increasing demand for water, driven by factors such as climate change and evolving consumption patterns, efforts have shifted towards the utilization of unconventional water resources. In this context, the Municipality of Tehran has initiated a project aimed at supplying the water required for irrigating green spaces from surface runoff and treated municipal wastewater. In the present study, the water demand for both urban and peri-urban green spaces in Tehran was first calculated. Subsequently, the potential for utilizing effluent from municipal wastewater treatment plants and runoff flowing through urban channels as an alternative to groundwater resources for irrigating green spaces was examined, taking into account both quantitative (flow rate) and qualitative (effluent analysis) characteristics. Based on the research findings, the Municipality of Tehran can proactively reduce raw water consumption for urban green space irrigation from 73% to 32% over a ten-year period by designing and implementing a comprehensive project for the treatment and reuse of urban runoff and treated municipal wastewater, while increasing the share of runoff and treated wastewater usage from approximately 15.6% to 64%. Furthermore, to further reduce water consumption, methods for aquifer recharge using runoff can be employed for more efficient utilization, along with modifying urban green space development patterns to decrease water demand as additional strategies for water conservation. Ultimately, this initiative has the potential to play a pivotal role in replenishing groundwater resources, thereby providing a more sustainable future for water supply in the city of Tehran.</span> https://www.judpm.ir/article_235945_c1ec7ff3eb218dfdef7a30c5dfeb4364.pdf